VIM编辑基础与进阶指南

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"VIM手册提供了全面的VIM编辑器使用指南，涵盖了从基础编辑到高级功能的多个方面，如基本编辑、搜索、文本块处理、窗口管理、程序员专用命令、初始化文件设置、命令行参数处理等。这个手册是2017年8月的最新版本，旨在帮助用户更有效地查阅和使用VIM的功能。" VIM，全称Vi IMproved，是一款强大的文本编辑器，以其高效和高度可定制性著称。尽管对于初学者来说，它的学习曲线可能较为陡峭，但一旦掌握了基础，就能极大地提升文本编辑效率。 **基本编辑** 在VIM中，最基本的编辑命令包括移动光标、插入和删除文本。四个基本的移动命令是： 1. `h`：向左移动 2. `j`：向下移动 3. `k`：向上移动 4. `l`：向右移动这些键位布局与键盘的四个方向对应，使得编辑更为流畅。 **插入和删除文本** - `i`：在当前光标位置前插入文本 - `a`：在当前光标位置后插入文本 - `x`：删除当前光标处的字符 - `dd`：删除当前行 **获取帮助** 在VIM中，你可以通过`:help`命令来查找和学习各种功能的用法，这对于初学者至关重要。 **退出编辑器** 退出VIM有几种方式： - `:q`：如果未修改文件，正常退出 - `:q!`：即使有未保存的修改，强制退出 - `:wq`：保存当前更改并退出 **进阶功能** 掌握这些基本命令后，可以进一步学习如多文件编辑、窗口管理（`:split`和`:vsplit`）、可视模式（用于选择文本块）以及程序员特定的命令，比如宏录制和执行，以及使用`.vimrc`文件进行自定义设置。 **自动完成和自动命令** VIM支持自动完成功能，这在编写代码时尤其有用，能节省大量时间。而`autocmd`允许你设定在特定事件（如打开或保存文件）发生时自动执行的命令。 **文件恢复和命令行参数** VIM提供文件恢复机制，以防因意外断电或崩溃导致的未保存更改丢失。通过`vim -r`可以尝试恢复文件。同时，可以通过命令行参数来处理多个文件或执行特定操作。 **其他命令和未覆盖主题** 手册还包含了一些杂项命令，如搜索替换、标记和跳转等。另外，还有一些话题并未在手册中详细展开，可能需要通过其他资源进一步学习。 VIM手册是学习和掌握VIM编辑器的强大工具，无论你是初学者还是经验丰富的用户，都能从中找到所需的信息。

Chapter 2 Editing a Little Faster

Word Movement

Let’s start with movement.To move the cursor forward one word, use the

command.

The

command moves backward one word. Like most Vim commands, you can use a

numeric prefix to move past multiple words. For example,

moves back four words.

Figure 2.1 shows how these commands work.

Figure 2.1

Word movement.

Moving to the Start or End of a Line

The

command moves the cursor to the end of a line. Actually, a bunch of keys

map to the “end-of-line” command.The

Vim names for these keys are

<End>

and

<kEnd>

. (The

<kEnd>

key is Vim’s name for the keypad End key.)

The

command takes a numeric argument as well. If present, it causes the editor to

move to the end of the next line. For example,

moves you to the end of the first

line (the one you’re on),

to the end of the next line, and so on. Figure 2.2 illustrates

how this command works.

The

command moves to the first nonblank character of the line.The

<Home>

<kHome>

key moves to the first character of the line, as seen in Figure 2.3. (The

[zero] command does the same thing.)

Like every other command previously discussed, these three commands can take a

numeric argument.They do not do anything with it, but you can specify it if you

want to.

ow is the time for all good men to come to

w w

ACHTUNG1 ALLES LOOKENSPEEPERS!

Das computermachine ist nicht fuer gefingerpoken

und mittengrabben. Ist easy schnappen der

springenwerk, blowenfusen und poppencorken mit

spitzensparken. Ist nicht fuer gewerken bei das

dumpkopfen. Das rubbernecken sichtseeren keepen

das cotten-pickenen hans in das pockets muss;

relaxen und watchen das blinkenlichten.

Figure 2.2

The

command.

Chapter 2 Editing a Little Faster

Figure 2.8

The

CTRL-G

command.

Sometimes you will see a split column number (for example, col 2–9).This indi-

cates that the cursor is positioned on character 2. But because character one is a tab,

the screen column is 9. Figure 2.8 shows the results of a typical

CTRL-G

command.

Scrolling Up and Down

The

CTRL-U

command scrolls up half a screen of text. (Up in this case is backward in

the file; the text moves down on the screen. Don’t worry if you have a little trouble

remembering which end is up. Most programmers have the same problem.)

The

CTRL-D

command scrolls you down half a screen.

Figure 2.9 shows how these two commands work.

to open up the packing crate and find the manual. (What

did they think

we were reading anyway?)

<H1>Dumb programmer stories

de to a maintenance programmer

Once more I travel that lone dark road

into someone else's impossible code

Through "if" and "switch" and "do" and "while"

that twist and turn for mile and mile

"sun-o.txt" [Modified] line 186 of 1119 --16%-- col 2-9

Figure 2.9

Results of the

CTRL-U

and

CTRL-D

commands.

Deleting Text

As you learned in Chapter 1, the

command deletes a line.The

command deletes

a word.You may recognize the

command as the move word command. In fact, the

command may be followed by any motion command, and it deletes from the current

CTRL-U

CTRL-D

A dozen, a gross, and a score,

Plus three times the square root of four

Divided by seven,

Plus five time eleven,

Equals nine squared plus zero, no more.

------

A computer, to print out a fact,

Will divide, multiply, and subtract.

A dozen, a gross, and a score,

Plus three times the square root of four

Divided by seven,

Plus five time eleven,

Equals nine squared plus zero, no more.

------

A computer, to print out a fact,

Will divide, multiply, and subtract.

f buckets of bits

Take one down, short it to ground

FE buckets of bits on the bus

------

A dozen, a gross, and a score,

Plus three times the square root of four

Divided by seven,

Plus five time eleven,

Equals nine squared plus zero, no more.

Equals nine squared plus zero, no more,

-----

A computer, to print out a fact,

Will divide, multiply, and subtract.

But this output can be

o more than debris,

If the input was short of exact.

------

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