C# 4.0编程指南：第六版精华解读

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"C# 4.0编程指南第六版" 《Programming C# 4.0》是第六版的一本深入介绍C#编程语言的专业书籍，由Ian Griffiths、Matthew Adams和Jesse Liberty合著。该书针对的是最新的C# 4.0版本，旨在帮助读者掌握这一强大的编程语言。C# 4.0是.NET Framework的一个重要组成部分，它引入了许多新特性和改进，以提升开发者的效率和代码的灵活性。书中涵盖了C# 4.0的关键概念和技术，包括但不限于： 1. **面向对象编程**：C# 4.0对面向对象编程的支持更加完善，包括类、对象、接口、继承、多态等基本概念。 2. **泛型**：C# 4.0的泛型允许开发者创建类型安全且可重用的组件，提高代码的复用性。 3. **Lambda表达式与Linq**：C# 4.0引入了Lambda表达式，使得 LINQ（Language Integrated Query）的使用更为简洁，大大简化了数据查询操作。 4. **动态类型**：新引入的`dynamic`关键字使得在运行时可以更灵活地处理类型，增强了语言的动态特性。 5. **命名参数和可选参数**：这些特性提高了方法调用的便利性，减少了代码的冗余。 6. **委托与事件**：C# 4.0在事件处理方面有所改进，使得异步编程和事件驱动编程更加高效。 7. **多线程与并发**：随着多核处理器的普及，C# 4.0提供了更强大的多线程和并发控制工具，如Task Parallel Library (TPL)。 8. **XML与Web服务**：C# 4.0支持与XML的集成以及与Web服务的交互，如WCF（Windows Communication Foundation）。 9. **异常处理**：深入讲解了如何有效地捕获和处理程序中的错误和异常，确保程序的健壮性。 10. **调试与性能优化**：指导读者如何利用调试工具和最佳实践来优化代码性能。此外，书中还涵盖了.NET Framework的基础知识，如CLR（Common Language Runtime）、垃圾回收机制、集合类、IO流、反射等。对于初学者和有经验的开发者，这本书都是一份宝贵的参考资料，可以帮助他们掌握C# 4.0的最新技术和最佳实践。出版信息显示，该书由O'Reilly Media, Inc.出版，经过多次修订，内容不断完善，确保了信息的时效性和准确性。编辑团队的专业背景和细心校对保证了书籍的高质量。无论是个人学习还是企业培训，这本书都是学习C# 4.0的优秀选择。

21. Programming ASP.NET Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775

Web Forms Fundamentals 775

Web Forms Events 776

Web Forms Life Cycle 778

Creating a Web Application 779

Code-Behind Files 780

Adding Controls 781

Server Controls 783

Data Binding 784

Examining the Code 789

Adding Controls and Events 790

Summary 794

22. Windows Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795

Creating the Application 796

Adding a Binding Source 797

Controls 800

Docking and Anchoring 805

Data Binding 806

Event Handling 811

Summary 813

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815

xiv | Table of Contents

Preface

Microsoft unveiled the .NET Framework in 2000, and in the decade that followed, it

became an extremely popular choice for developing software for Windows.

While .NET supports many programming languages, it is most strongly associated with

the language designed specifically for the platform: C#.

C# has grown considerably since its launch. Each new version enabled new program-

ming techniques—C# 2.0 added generics and enhanced functional programming ca-

pabilities, then integrated query features and yet more powerful functional capabilities

arrived in C# 3.0, and now C# 4.0 adds new dynamic language capabilities.

The .NET Framework has grown with the language. Back in .NET 1.0, the class libraries

offered relatively patchy coverage of the underlying Windows capabilities. Moreover,

the library features that were unique to .NET, rather than being wrappers for something

else, were relatively modest. Now, as well as more comprehensive platform coverage

we have a GUI framework (WPF), much stronger database capabilities, powerful sup-

port for concurrent execution, and an extensive set of communication services (WCF),

to name just a few of the available features. And the features that have been there since

version 1.0, such as web support (ASP.NET), have been fleshed out substantially.

.NET is no longer limited to running just on Windows. Some people recognized its

potential for platform independence early on, but for years, Microsoft supported C#

just on Windows, leaving open source projects to offer the only way to run C# on other

systems. But in 2008, the release of Silverlight 2 saw C# code running with Microsoft’s

full support on non-Windows platforms such as the Mac for the first time.

The C# language has come a long way since 2000, in both reach and size. Our goal

with Programming C# 4.0 is to show how to use C#.

How This Book Is Organized

The book begins by looking at the details of the C# language that you will use in

everyday programming. We then look at the most common parts of the .NET Frame-

work class library that you will also use very regularly. Next, we move into some more

specialized areas of the framework. Finally, we look at some of the application frame-

works for building Windows and web applications in .NET.

Chapter 1, Introducing C#

This chapter talks about the nature of C# and its relationship with the .NET

Framework.

Chapter 2, Basic Programming Techniques

In this chapter, we show the core elements of C# code—the steps required to get

up and running, and fundamental features such as variables, flow control, loops,

and methods.

Chapter 3, Abstracting Ideas with Classes and Structs

C# supports object-oriented programming, and this chapter describes the lan-

guage features dedicated to these techniques.

Chapter 4, Extensibility and Polymorphism

This chapter continues the discussion from the preceding chapter, illustrating how

C# supports inheritance, interfaces, and related concepts.

Chapter 5, Composability and Extensibility with Delegates

C# isn’t limited to object-oriented programming—it also supports some very

powerful functional programming idioms. This chapter shows how these can

sometimes be more flexible and also simpler than OO techniques.

Chapter 6, Dealing with Errors

All programs encounter failures, whether due to programming errors, unexpected

input, network failures, or a host of other eventualities. This chapter shows the

options for detecting and responding robustly to errors.

Chapter 7, Arrays and Lists

This chapter shows the tools C# offers for representing simple collections of

information.

Chapter 8, LINQ

It’s not enough merely to be able to represent collections, so this chapter shows

how you can use the integrated query features in C# to process your collections of

data.

Chapter 9, Collection Classes

This chapter shows some of the more specialized classes for working with collec-

tions in particular ways.

Chapter 10, Strings

Text is a particularly important data type for most applications, so this chapter

shows how text is represented, and how you can format data into textual form.

Chapter 11, Files and Streams

This chapter shows how to store information on disk and read it back in, and how

to perform other filesystem operations. It also shows how some of the abstractions

used when working with files can be applied in other scenarios.

xvi | Preface

Chapter 12, XML

This chapter shows the classes offered by the .NET Framework for processing

XML, and how these can work in conjunction with the LINQ features in C#.

Chapter 13, Networking

In this chapter, we look at the various techniques for communicating over a

network.

Chapter 14, Databases

This chapter shows how to access a database from C#.

Chapter 15, Assemblies

In this chapter, we show how to compile code into libraries for reuse, and how

programs made up from multiple components work.

Chapter 16, Threads and Asynchronous Code

Many programs need to deal with concurrency, and this chapter shows the tools

and techniques available.

Chapter 17, Attributes and Reflection

C# has the ability to inspect the structure of code, which makes it easier to auto-

mate certain kinds of tasks. This chapter shows the API for doing this, and how

you can extend the structural information through attributes.

Chapter 18, Dynamic

One of the new features in C# 4.0 is support for dynamic binding. This is partic-

ularly useful in certain interop scenarios, as we discuss in this chapter.

Chapter 19, Interop with COM and Win32

Sometimes it’s necessary for C# code to communicate with components not de-

signed to be used from .NET. This chapter shows how to do this with both COM

components and Win32-style DLLs.

Chapter 20, WPF and Silverlight

WPF and Silverlight offer very similar programming models for building user in-

terfaces. This chapter shows how to use that model from C#.

Chapter 21, Programming ASP.NET Applications

This chapter shows how to use ASP.NET, the part of the .NET Framework de-

signed for building web applications.

Chapter 22, Windows Forms

This chapter shows how to use Windows Forms, which is a wrapper around the

classic Windows user interface mechanisms. While it is less flexible than WPF, it

can offer an easier way to integrate with old components such as ActiveX controls.

Where to Find Features New in C# 4.0 and .NET 4

Although this book is written to be read as a whole, we expect that some readers will

want to look for the features new to C# 4.0, and also to .NET 4. Since our goal is to

show how the C# language is used today, we have avoided structuring the book around

Preface | xvii

the history of the language, because you will use language features of varying ages in

combination. As it happens, one of the new features in C# 4.0 serves a very specific

purpose, so it gets its own chapter, but for the most part, new language features are

spread throughout the book, because we aim to mention them where you need to know

about them. We cannot point you at a particular set of chapters, so instead, here’s a

quick guide to where we discuss these features.

Chapter 1 talks about the broad goals behind the new features in C# 4.0. Chapter 3

shows the use of default values and named arguments (and these come up again very

briefly in Chapters 11 and 17). Chapter 7 describes variance, a rather technical feature

of the type system that has some useful implications for collection types. Chapter 16

talks about the extensive new multithreading support added in .NET 4. Chapter 18 is

dedicated entirely to a new language feature: support for dynamic programming.

Chapter 19 describes the new no-PIA feature, and some features that allow more elegant

code in some interop scenarios.

Who This Book Is For

If you have some basic knowledge of C# but want to brush up your skills, or if you are

proficient in another programming language such as C++ or Java, or even if C# is your

first programming language, this book is for you.

What You Need to Use This Book

To make the best use of this book, please obtain the latest release of Visual Studio 2010.

Any edition will do, including the free Express edition for C#, which can be

downloaded from http://www.microsoft.com/express/.

For Chapter 14 you will need a copy of SQL Server or SQL Server Express. Some editions

of Visual Studio will install SQL Server Express for you by default, so you may already

have this.

The example source code for this book is available through the O’Reilly site at http://

oreilly.com/catalog/9780596159832/.

Conventions Used in This Book

The following font conventions are used in this book:

Italic is used for:

• Pathnames, filenames, and program names

• Internet addresses, such as domain names and URLs

• New terms where they are defined

xviii | Preface

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