Physics Letters B 750 (2015) 591–594
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Physics Letters B
www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb
Rehabilitating space-times with NUTs
Gérard Clément
a
, Dmitri Gal’tsov
b,∗
, Mourad Guenouche
c,d
a
LAPTh, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, 9 chemin de Bellevue, BP 110, F-74941, Annecy-le-Vieux cedex, France
b
Department of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University, 119899, Moscow, Russia
c
Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Département de Physique, Faculté des Sciences Exactes, Université de Constantine 1, Algeria
d
Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef, Algeria
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Article history:
Received
29 September 2015
Accepted
30 September 2015
Available
online 9 October 2015
Editor:
M. Cveti
ˇ
c
We revisit the Taub–NUT solution of the Einstein equations without time periodicity condition, showing
that the Misner string is still fully transparent for geodesics. In this case, analytic continuation can be
carried out through both horizons leading to a Hausdorff spacetime without a central singularity, and
thus geodesically complete. Furthermore, we show that, in spite of the presence of a region containing
closed time-like curves, there are no closed causal geodesics. Thus, some longstanding obstructions to
accept the Taub–NUT solution as physically relevant are removed.
© 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP
3
.
1. Introduction
The Taub–NUT solution of the vacuum Einstein equations with
Lorentzian signature [1–4] remains one of the most puzzling re-
sults
of General Relativity. It realizes the idea of gravitational
electric–magnetic duality and is often interpreted, by analogy with
the Dirac magnetic monopole, as the field of a gravitational dyon
with the usual mass m and a “magnetic” mass n [5]. Astrophysi-
cists
gave tribute to this solution suggesting to explore its signa-
tures
in the microlensing data [6]. At the same time, most theorists
consider it as unphysical because of the presence of a Misner string
singularity on the polar axis (the gravitational analogue of the
Dirac string for the magnetic monopole), with still debated fea-
tures,
and regions containing closed timelike curves (CTCs).
To
make the string unobservable, Misner suggested to impose
periodicity on the time coordinate [3] which entails, however, fur-
ther
serious problems. First, the space-time then contains closed
time-like curves everywhere. Second, with this periodicity con-
dition
the analytically extended Taub–NUT spacetime is either
geodesically incomplete [3,4] (extension can be carried out through
only one of the two horizons), or can be maximally extended to a
geodesically complete but non-Hausdorff spacetime [7,8].
Another
option is to preserve causality in the large by aban-
doning
the time periodicity condition, thereby retaining the Misner
*
Corresponding author.
E-mail
addresses: gerard.clement@lapth.cnrs.fr (G. Clément), galtsov@phys.msu.ru
(D. Gal’tsov),
guenouche_mourad@umc.edu.dz (M. Guenouche).
string as an unremovable singularity. It was suggested by Bonnor
and
others [9], that the Misner string should be interpreted as a
singular material source of angular momentum. On the other hand,
Miller et al. [10] have shown that the vacuum Taub–NUT space-
time
(without the time periodicity condition) can be maximally
extended à la Kruskal through both horizons. Because the extended
spacetime presents a coordinate singularity on the polar axis, they
considered it to be geodesically incomplete [10,11].
In
this Letter, we consider motion in the Taub–NUT space with-
out
time periodicity in greater detail and show that the Misner
string is fully transparent for geodesics hitting it. Since with this
interpretation the analytical continuation at the horizon is not
problematic and there is no central singularity, the whole extended
Taub–NUT space-time turns out to be geodesically complete, remov-
ing
the major obstruction to give it physical significance.
The
other problem with the Taub–NUT solution consists in the
presence of a region surrounding the Misner string containing
CTCs, which are generally considered to violate causality [4]. We
show that for certain values of the parameter C which was previ-
ously
used to fix the location of the Misner string, these CTCs are
not closed causal geodesics, and thus do not lead to causality viola-
tions
for a freely falling observer.
2. The setup
We start with the family of Taub–NUT spacetimes
ds
2
=−f (dt −2n(cos θ +C)dϕ)
2
+ f
−1
dr
2
+ρ
2
(dθ
2
+sin
2
θdϕ
2
), ρ
2
=r
2
+n
2
(2.1)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2015.09.074
0370-2693/
© 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by
SCOAP
3
.