第
45
卷第
10
期
2011
年
10
月
西安交通大学学报
JOURNAL
OF
XI'
AN
JIAOTONG
UNIVERSITY
Vo
l.
45 No. 10
Oc
t.
2011
毫米波通信系统中利用随机逼近的波束赋形算法
董可,廖学文,朱世华
(西安交通大学电子与信息工程学院,
710049
,西安)
摘要:为了在
60
GHz
毫米波通信系统中确定收发机最优的窄波未方向使得传输速率最大,提出
了一种基于波未码本的自适应波未赋形算法.该算法在室内
60
GHz
信道的射线跟踪模型基础上
建立了离散优化问题,并引入随机逼近的全局优化算法进行求解,首先在窄波未空间中进行随机采
样,再利用含噪的信道估计获得样本目标函数的无偏估计量,并据此执行自适应迭代更新,最终找
到波未码本中最优的收发波束方向.相对于已有的波未赋形算法,该算法不要求收发机兼容多种宽
度的天线方向图,无需精确的信道估计,且运算效率更高,适用性更强.仿真实验表明,在搜索空间
规模较大时,该算法可以以相对较低的复杂度获得全局最优解或次优解,并能有效地缓解遮挡对链
路产生的严重衰减,提高系统鲁棒性.
关键词:毫米波;通信系统;智能天线;泼束赋形;随机逼近;自适应
中图分类号
TN929.5
文献标志码
A
文章编号:
0253-987XC2011
)1
0-0072-05
Beam-Forming
in
Millimete
r-
Wave Radio System via
Stochastic Approximation
DONG
Ke
,
LIAO
Xuewen
,
ZHU
Shihua
CSchool
of
Electronics
and
Information
Engineering
,
Xi'an
Jiaotong
University
,
Xi'an
710049
,
China)
Abstract:
An
adaptive
beam-forming
algorithm
is
proposed
based
on
beambook
to
determine
the
optimal
beam
directions
for
60
GHz
millimeter
wave
transceiver
for
a
maximal
transmission
rate.
Stochastic
approximation
algorithm
is
introduced
to
solve
the
discrete
optimization
problem
that
is
established
on
the
basis
of
the
60
GHz
channel
model
in
indoor
environment
by
ray
tracing
tech-
nique.
The
search
space
spanned
by
the
narrow
beams
is
randomly
sampled
and
an
unbiased
esti-
mate
to
the
objective
function
for
each
sample
is
acquired
using
the
noisy
channel
estimates.
Then
,
adaptive
updates
are
performed
recursively
until
the
optimal
solution
is
found
from
a
well-
designed
beambook.
Compared
with
existing
beambook
based
beamforming
algorithms
,
the
pro-
posed
solution
is
more
efficient
in
two
aspects:
low
implementation
complexity
since
neither
the
multiple
beam
patterns
nor
the
exact
channel
state
information
is
required;
and
high
computation
al
effectiveness
due
to
the
selective
resource
allocation
mechanism.
Simulation
results
show
that
a
solution
close
to
the
global
solution
is
achieved
in
a
relatively
small
number
of
iterations
,
and
the
inevitable
blockage
impact
in
60
GHz
radio
link
is
mitigated
,
which
enhances
the
link
robustness
against
obstructions.
Keywords:
millimeter
wave;
communication
system;
smart
antenna;
beamforming;
stochastic
approximation;
adaptive
收稿日期:
2011-04-20.
作者简介:董可
0983
一)
,男,博士生;朱世华(联系人)
,男,教授,博士生导师.
基金项目:国家科
技重大专项资助项目
(2009ZX03003
【
008-02
,
2011ZX03003-002-03)
;国家自然科学基金资助项目
(60902043);
国际科技合作项
目
(S2010GR0902).
网络出版时间:
2011-09-06
网络出版地址:
http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detai
l/
6
1.
1069.
T.
20110906.
1656.
00
1.
html