ZFS管理指南：Sun Microsystems 2007版

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"ZFS Administration Guide (2007)" 是一份由Sun Microsystems出版的关于ZFS文件系统管理的专业指南，旨在帮助用户理解和管理ZFS技术。这份文档详细阐述了ZFS的特性和操作，包括如何在2007年的环境中有效利用这个先进的文件系统。 ZFS是Zeta File System的缩写，它是一个创新的、一体化的文件系统和存储层，设计用于提供高数据完整性、高效管理和大规模存储解决方案。ZFS的特点包括数据校验、快照、克隆、压缩和自动修复功能，这些都在其64位架构下得以实现。在文档中，读者可以期待学习到以下关键知识点： 1. **ZFS的数据完整性**：ZFS使用RAID-Z（类似于RAID但不局限于特定的磁盘数量）和交易日志来确保数据的完整性和一致性。它通过校验和机制检测并修复数据错误，防止静默数据损坏。 2. **池与卷管理**：ZFS允许用户创建存储池，由一个或多个物理磁盘组成，可以动态扩展和收缩。卷管理功能支持在线调整大小，满足不断变化的存储需求。 3. **快照与克隆**：ZFS提供了简单且高效的快照功能，能够无中断地创建文件系统的即时镜像。基于快照，可以轻松创建克隆，用于备份、测试或开发环境。 4. **压缩与数据去重**：ZFS支持在存储时对数据进行压缩，节省空间。同时，它具备数据去重功能，尤其是在含有大量重复数据的环境中，可以显著提高存储效率。 5. **性能优化**：文档会涵盖如何配置和调整ZFS以获得最佳性能，包括缓存设置、I/O调度策略以及数据条带化等。 6. **故障检测与恢复**：ZFS有内置的错误检测和自我修复机制，当检测到硬件故障时，它可以自动重新映射数据到健康的磁盘上。 7. **与其他系统的集成**：ZFS不仅适用于Sun Microsystems的操作系统，如Solaris，也支持与其他Unix和Linux发行版的集成，提供了跨平台的解决方案。 8. **政府用户条款**：文档提到了政府用户需遵守Sun Microsystems的标准许可协议以及联邦收购条例（FAR）及其补充条款。 9. **第三方材料**：ZFS可能包含了来自第三方的材料，这意味着它可能集成了其他技术或代码，例如源自Berkeley BSD系统的部分，这些系统可能受到特定的许可证限制。 10. **商标信息**：Sun Microsystems的多个产品和服务，如Solaris、Java和docs.sun.com等，都是其注册商标，显示了该公司的知识产权保护意识。此指南对于IT管理员和系统管理员来说是一份宝贵的资源，可以帮助他们掌握ZFS的高级功能，并在实际工作中有效地管理和维护存储环境。

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Improves data retention by allowing recovery from unrecoverable block read faults, such as

media faults (bit rot) for all ZFS congurations.

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Provides data protection even in the case where only a single disk is available.

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Allows you to select data protection policies on a per-le system basis, beyond the

capabilities of the storage pool.

Depending on the allocation of the ditto blocks in the storage pool, multiple copies might be

placed on a single disk. A subsequent full disk failure might cause all ditto blocks to be

unavailable.

You might consider using ditto blocks when you accidentally create a non-redundant pool and

when you need to set data retention policies.

For a detailed description of how setting copies on a system with a single-disk pool or a

multiple-disk pool might impact overall data protection, see this blog:

http://blogs.sun.com/relling/entry/zfs_copies_and_data_protection

For more information about setting ZFS properties, see “Setting ZFS Properties” on page 97.

Improved zpool status Output

Solaris Express Community Edition, build 57: You can use the zpool status -v command to

display a list of les with persistent errors. Previously, you had to use the find -inum command

to identify the lenames from the list of displayed inodes.

For more information about displaying a list of les with persistent errors, see

“Repairing a

Corrupted File or Directory” on page 177

ZFS and Solaris iSCSI Improvements

Solaris Express Community Release, build 54: In this Solaris release, you can create a ZFS

volume as a Solaris iSCSI target device by setting the shareiscsi property on the ZFS volume.

This method is a convenient way to quickly set up a Solaris iSCSI target. For example:

# zfs create -V 2g tank/volumes/v2

# zfs set shareiscsi=on tank/volumes/v2

# iscsitadm list target

Target: tank/volumes/v2

iSCSI Name: iqn.1986-03.com.sun:02:984fe301-c412-ccc1-cc80-cf9a72aa062a

Connections: 0

After the iSCSI target is created, set up the iSCSI initiator. For information about setting up a

Solaris iSCSI initiator, see Chapter 14, “Conguring Solaris iSCSI Targets and Initiators

(Tasks),” in System Administration Guide: Devices and File Systems.

What's New in ZFS?

ZFS Administration Guide • May 200716

# zfs get -s local all

tank/home atime off local

tank/home/bonwick atime off local

tank/home/marks quota 50G local

New zfs receive -F Option

Solaris Express Community Release, build 48: In this Solaris release, you can use the new -F

option to the zfs receive command to force a rollback of the le system to the most recent

snapshot before doing the receive. Using this option might be necessary when the le system is

modied between the time a rollback occurs and the receive is initiated.

For more information, see

“Restoring a ZFS Snapshot” on page 120.

Recursive ZFS Snapshots

Solaris Express Community Release, build 43: When you use the zfs snapshot command to

create a le system snapshot, you can use the -r option to recursively create snapshots for all

descendant le systems. In addition, using the -r option recursively destroys all descendant

snapshots when a snapshot is destroyed.

Recursive ZFS snapshots are created quickly as one atomic operation. The snapshots are created

together (all at once) or not created at all. The benet of atomic snapshots operations is that the

snapshot data is always taken at one consistent time, even across descendant le systems.

For more information, see

“Creating and Destroying ZFS Snapshots” on page 112.

Double Parity RAID-Z (raidz2)

Solaris Express Community Release, build 42: A redundant RAID-Z conguration can now

have either single- or double-parity, which means that one or two device failures can be

sustained respectively, without any data loss. You can specify the raidz2 keyword for a

double-parity RAID-Z conguration. Or, you can specify the raidz or raidz1 keyword for a

single-parity RAID-Z conguration.

For more information, see

“Creating RAID-Z Storage Pools” on page 49 or zpool(1M).

Hot Spares for ZFS Storage Pool Devices

Solaris Express Community Release, build 42: The ZFS hot spares feature enables you to

identify disks that could be used to replace a failed or faulted device in one or more storage

pools. Designating a device as a hot spare means that if an active device in the pool fails, the hot

spare automatically replaces the failed device. Or, you can manually replace a device in a storage

pool with a hot spare.

What's New in ZFS?

ZFS Administration Guide • May 200720

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