单光子计数偏振鬼影成像技术：弱光环境下目标与背景的高精度识别

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本文主要探讨了"单光子计数偏振鬼影成像"这一领域的研究，它是一种利用量子光学原理进行成像的技术。在传统的鬼影成像中，通过探测物体对光的散射或衍射作用，即使在微弱光照条件下也能实现对物体的间接成像。然而，这项研究将焦点放在了单光子计数上，这是一种高度敏感且能直接探测到单个光子的测量方法。时间相关单光子计数技术（Time-Correlated Single-Photon Counting, TCSPC）在这个方法中起到了关键作用。通过这种方法，研究者能够收集并分析每个光子到达检测器的时间分布，形成光子计数直方图。这种统计分析使得研究人员能够精确地估计出光强，即使在背景噪声较大的环境下也能提高图像的质量。作者YUXIN LIU、JIANHONG SHI和GUIHUA ZENG等人来自上海交通大学和西北大学的研究团队，他们提出了一种基于单光子计数的偏振鬼影成像策略。这种方法特别适用于在低光照强度下，如夜间或者极其暗淡的环境中，有效地区分目标物体与不同材质背景。由于单光子计数的高灵敏度，它能够在这些极端条件下提供清晰的图像，提升了成像的分辨率和信噪比。通过实验验证，该方法证明了在高噪声环境下，单光子计数偏振鬼影成像具有显著的优势，能够实现对目标物体的有效识别。这对于量子通信、生物医学成像以及暗物质探测等领域有着潜在的应用价值。此外，由于其依赖于量子力学的基础原理，这项工作也推动了量子信息技术的发展，并可能为未来的隐形成像技术开辟新的路径。总结来说，这篇研究论文是一项重要的贡献，它展示了如何结合单光子计数技术和偏振鬼影成像来提升图像质量，尤其是在光照条件受限的情况下。这项成果不仅提供了实际的成像解决方案，还为理论研究提供了新的视角，预示着未来在量子成像领域的更多突破。

Single-photon-counting polarization ghost

imaging

YUXIN LIU,

1,3

JIANHONG SHI,

* AND GUIHUA ZENG

1,2

State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Key Laboratory on Navigation and Location-Based

Service and Center of Quantum Information Sensing and Processing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

College of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, Shanxi, China

e-mail: yuxin_liu@sjtu.edu.cn

*Corresponding author: purewater@sjtu.edu.cn

Received 26 August 2016; revised 10 November 2016; accepted 21 November 2016; posted 21 November 2016 (Doc. ID 274572);

published 16 December 2016

We proposed a method for polarization ghost imaging based on single photon counting. With the time-correlated

single-photon-counting technique, we can construct photon time distribution histograms and select a distance

gate to accurately estimate the light intensity. Experiments are performed to realize discrimination of the object

from the background of different materials in weak illumination. In the situation that ambient noise is signifi-

cantly stronger than the signal, our method still can retrieve an image as ambient noise is mostly filtered out

through distance gate selection. We suppose that our method may facilitate applications in remote target

discrimination and biological imaging.

OCIS codes: (110.1758) Computational imaging; (260.5430) Polarization; (040.3780) Low light level.

https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.55.010347

1. INTRODUCTION

Ghost imaging (GI) [1–8] is an amazing technique which

exploits the quantum nature of light and has attracted much

attention. In traditional ghost imaging, two spatial correlated

beams are divided from a same optical source: the reference

arm, which does not interact with the target and is measured

with a high-resolution charge-coupled device camera. The sig-

nal arm is collected by a so-called “bucket” detector after illu-

minating the target, which has no spatial resolution. Neither of

the detectors alone can produce an image of the object, but by

correlating the measurements of the two detectors over multiple

intensity patterns produced by the source, the object will ap-

pear. Over the past decades, much improvement of GI has been

made due to its flexible optical design and high signal-to-noise

ratio compared with conventional imaging. Computational

GI [9,10] employs computer-control led spatial light modula-

tors to replace the reference arm, which simplifies imaging con-

figuration. Katz reported an advanced reconstruction algorithm

for pseudothermal GI based on compressive sensing [11],

which can dramatically reduce the measurements and improve

image quality. Moreover, GI shows great potential for imaging

in optically harsh environments, such as in scattering medium

or turbulent atmosphere [12–15].

Generally, it is difficult to distinguish different material ob-

jects with similar reflectivities. Polarization ghost imaging (PGI)

[16–18] was recently proposed to retrieve the image when the

object is buried in the background of different polarization prop-

erties. Polarization [19,20] is an inherent property of light which

can provide extra information compared to the object’sspectra

and intensity. Polarization components of light can be employed

to discriminate the object from the different material back-

ground due to the fact that the polarization properties between

the object and the background are different. Imaging under weak

illumination is highly essential in many fields, ranging from

biological sciences to astronomy. For instance, the signal will be

significantly attenuated with distance increase in remote imag-

ing. Inspired by Yang’swork[21], we integrate PGI with the

time-correlated single-photon-counting (TCSPC) technique to

realize the PGI in low-flux measurements. TCSPC [22,23]is

based on the detection of a single photon of a periodic light

signal, the measurement of the detection time, and the buildup

of the photon distribution over the time in the signal period.

We can set a time gate to acquire accurate signal photons. This

technique can achieve high time resolution to the picosecond

level, and high sensitivity even to the single-photon level. The

weak signal can be detected to retrieve an image. Even when the

ambient noise is significantly stronger than the signal, we still

can discriminate the object from the background of different

materials as mostly ambient noise photons are not in the time

gate and the noise in the gate is quite low and can be neglected.

We suppose that PGI with the TCSPC technique will facilitate

Research Article

Vol. 55, No. 36 / December 20 2016 / Applied Optics 10347

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