企业级JavaBeans3.1(第6版) - Andrew Lee Rubinger & Bill Burke

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"企业级JavaBeans3.1(第6版)" 是一本专注于Java企业级开发技术的书籍，由Andrew Lee Rubinger和Bill Burke撰写。本书详细介绍了Enterprise JavaBeans（EJB）3.1规范，是Java后端开发的重要参考资料。在Java企业级应用开发中，Enterprise JavaBeans（EJB）是一个核心组件，它提供了用于构建可扩展、安全和事务处理的服务器端应用程序的框架。EJB 3.1是这一规范的一个重要版本，引入了许多改进和新特性，旨在提高开发效率并降低学习曲线。本书的内容可能涵盖了以下几个主要知识点： 1. **EJB基础**：包括EJB的概念、组件模型，如会话Bean（Session Beans）、实体Bean（Entity Beans）和消息驱动Bean（Message-Driven Beans），以及它们在分布式系统中的角色。 2. **无状态和有状态会话Bean**：解释了无状态Bean如何用于执行不依赖于特定用户会话的操作，而有状态Bean如何维护与客户端会话的关联状态。 3. **实体Bean与JPA集成**：EJB 3.1中，实体Bean通常与Java Persistence API（JPA）一起使用，用于管理和持久化数据库对象。书中可能详细讨论了JPA的查询语言（JPQL）和 Criteria API。 4. **依赖注入（Dependency Injection）**：EJB 3.1引入了基于注解的依赖注入，使得组件间的关系配置更加简洁和灵活，降低了XML配置的需求。 5. **Asynchronous方法**：EJB 3.1支持异步方法调用，允许在后台线程中执行长时间运行的任务，而不阻塞调用者。 6. **轻量级会话Bean**：EJB 3.1引入了轻量级会话Bean，降低了对容器的依赖，使得EJB可以在更广泛的环境中使用，包括非Java EE服务器。 7. **部署和管理**：涵盖了EJB的部署过程，包括部署描述符、部署工具和管理API的使用，以及在不同Java EE容器中的配置。 8. **安全性**：EJB 3.1的安全特性，如角色基访问控制（Role-Based Access Control, RBAC）和认证与授权机制。 9. **Web服务集成**：EJB与SOAP和RESTful Web服务的集成，使得EJB组件可以作为服务提供给其他系统。 10. **测试和调试**：书中可能包含EJB单元测试和集成测试的最佳实践，以及调试EJB应用程序的方法。本书的作者Andrew Lee Rubinger和Bill Burke都是Java社区的知名专家，他们的著作深入浅出，适合希望掌握EJB 3.1规范的开发者阅读。对于Java EE平台上的企业级应用开发，这本书提供了全面且实用的指导。

J. Timer Service: Credit Card Processor Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727

xiv | Table of Contents

Preface

Author’s Note

Reluctantly succumbing to my father’s urging in the spring of 2000, I enrolled in my

first software development course at the University of Massachusetts. Following years

of frustration getting my computer to “just do what I want,” I quickly found our roles

inverted; I was in charge of the machine.

Academia proved a bit abstract to my sophomoric eyes, and after those first few months

of study, I yearned to make programs that delivered real user value. Endless trial-and-

error led me to the conclusion that it’s best not to write every little thing on your own—

it was more efficient to build upon the work of others.

By then the JBoss open source community was picking up steam with this thing called

an “Application Server,” a neat program that ran other programs. To a junior developer

it meant no more networking code. No more manual database connections. No more

object pools or caches. It meant no more speaking like a computer. It meant writing

the programs I wanted to build, not the mechanics underneath.

My experience with this enterprise software miraculously made me marketable enough

to snag a post-college job in the middle of the dot-com fallout, and during my tenure

there we enrolled in a weeklong training session from the source—JBoss, Inc.

The reputation of our instructor preceded his arrival, his name sprinkled about the

JBoss codebase, popular forums, and the upcoming EJB 3.0 specification. Bill Burke

came to deliver course material, but in my eyes he planted the seed that it’s possible to

become part of a greater community where people talk about software problems, cri-

tique one another’s ideas in public, and generally get paid to contribute to the global

computing effort.

Over the next few years I stayed active on the user forums and submitted patches,

looking to improve upon the new JBoss EJB3 container. One day my mail client blinked

with an incoming message from the team lead, Carlo de Wolf:

There is an opening for an EJB 3 developer in my team. Are you interested?

Why, yes.

The ethos of my development from inside JBoss and Red Hat have been the same as

they were from the start: keep application programmers writing application code.

One fall night at a team dinner, Bill extended to me the reins of his hugely successful

EJB book from O’Reilly, the same text that initially showed me the ropes. This edition

is the product of that discussion.

Who Should Read This Book

This book explains and demonstrates the fundamentals of the EJB 3.1 and Java Per-

sistence programming models. Although EJB makes application development much

simpler, it is still a complex technology that requires a great deal of time and study to

master. This book provides a straightforward, no-nonsense explanation of the under-

lying technology, Java™ classes and interfaces, the component model, and the runtime

behavior of EJB. It does not include material on previous versions of the specification,

however.

Although this book focuses on the fundamentals, it’s not a “dummies” book. EJB is an

extremely complex and ambitious enterprise technology. While using EJB may be fairly

simple, the amount of work required to understand and master EJB is significant. Before

reading this book, you should be fluent in the Java language and have some practical

experience developing business solutions. Experience with distributed object systems

is not a must, but you will need some experience with JDBC (or at least an under-

standing of the basics) to follow the examples in this book. If you are unfamiliar with

the Java language, I recommend Learning Java; this book was formerly Exploring

Java (both from O’Reilly). If you are unfamiliar with JDBC, I recommend Database

Programming with JDBC and Java (O’Reilly). If you need a stronger background in

distributed computing, I recommend Java Distributed Computing (O’Reilly).

How This Book Is Organized

This book is organized in five parts: Parts I through IV make up the technical manu-

script, while Part V comprises the examples. The technical manuscript explains what

EJB is, how it works, and when to use it. Part V provides step-by-step instructions for

installing, configuring, and running the examples.

The technical manuscript was adapted from Bill Burke and Richard Monson-Haefel’s

fifth edition of this book by yours truly, Andrew Lee Rubinger. The code contained

herein is not vendor-specific in any way, and it will often value concision over verbose

code samples. The intent of this section is to focus on conceptual understanding.

xvi | Preface

Part I, Why Enterprise JavaBeans?

Multiuser distributed system are inherently complex. To ignore the issues they present

is to ask for trouble down the line. Luckily, you don’t have to do all the work yourself;

Chapters 1 through 4 outline the benefits of taking advantage of EJB—a component

model for simplified development of enterprise applications.

Part II, Server-Side Component Models

In Chapters 5 through 8 we dive into the mechanics of EJB with relation to business

logic. We’ll explore the various models available and discuss when each may be

appropriate.

Part III, EJB and Persistence

While the server-side component models typically speak to actions, the EJB Entity

model addresses the need to interact with persistent state. Java Persistence exposes

relational data as objects, and EJB comes with integration built-in. Chapters 9 through

14 cover these topics.

Part IV, Container Services

EJB is armed with a powerful feature set ensuring secure and consistent execution of

your application. Chapters 15 through 21 will uncover the utility and configuration of

these helpful services. Jason T. Greene adapted Chapters 20 and 21.

Part V, Examples

The examples workbook shows how to execute examples from those chapters in the

book that include at least one significant example. You’ll want to read the introduction

to the workbook to set up your build environment and configure it to run the examples.

After that, just go to the workbook chapter that matches the chapter you’re reading.

The examples themselves will have a release cycle that outlives this book, so you may

want to check back to get bug fixes, enhancements, and other updates as time goes on.

Software and Versions

This book covers EJB 3.1 and Java Persistence 2.0. It uses Java language features from

the Java SE 6 platform. Because the focus of this book is on developing vendor-

independent EJB components and solutions, we have stayed away from proprietary

extensions and vendor-dependent idioms wherever possible. You can use any EJB-

compliant server with this book, but you should be familiar with your server’s specific

Preface | xvii

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