Physics Letters B 797 (2019) 134794
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Physics Letters B
www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb
Searches for lepton number violating K
+
decays
.The NA62 Collaboration
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Article history:
Received
21 May 2019
Received
in revised form 1 July 2019
Accepted
18 July 2019
Available
online 23 July 2019
Editor: W.-D.
Schlatter
The NA62 experiment at CERN reports a search for the lepton number violating decays K
+
→ π
−
e
+
e
+
and K
+
→ π
−
μ
+
μ
+
using a data sample collected in 2017. No signals are observed, and upper limits
on the branching fractions of these decays of 2.2 × 10
−10
and 4.2 × 10
−11
are obtained, respectively, at
90% confidence level. These upper limits improve on previously reported measurements by factors of 3
and 2, respectively.
© 2019 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP
3
.
0. Introduction
In the Standard Model (SM), neutrinos are strictly massless
due to the absence of right-handed chiral states. The discovery of
neutrino oscillations has conclusively demonstrated that neutrinos
have non-zero masses. Therefore the observation of lepton num-
ber
violating processes involving charged leptons would verify the
Majorana nature of the neutrino.
The
decays of the charged kaon K
+
→ π
−
+
+
(where =
e, μ), violating conservation of lepton number by two units, may
be mediated by a massive Majorana neutrino [1,2]. The current
limits at 90% CL on the branching fractions of these decays are
B(K
+
→ π
−
e
+
e
+
) < 6.4 × 10
−10
obtained by the BNL E865 ex-
periment [3],
and B(K
+
→ π
−
μ
+
μ
+
) < 8.6 × 10
−11
obtained by
the CERN NA48/2 experiment [4]. A search for these processes in
about 30% of the data collected by the NA62 experiment at CERN
in 2016–18 is reported here.
1. Beam, detector and data sample
The layout of the NA62 beamline and detector [5]is shown
schematically in Fig. 1. An unseparated beam of π
+
(70%), pro-
tons
(23%) and K
+
(6%) is created by directing 400 GeV/c protons
extracted from the CERN SPS onto a beryllium target in spills of
3s effective duration. The nominal central momentum of this sec-
ondary
beam is 75 GeV/c with a momentum spread of 1% (rms).
Beam kaons are tagged with 70 ps time resolution by a differen-
tial
Cherenkov counter (KTAG) using a nitrogen radiator at 1.75 bar
pressure contained in a 5m long vessel. Beam particle momenta
are measured by a three-station silicon pixel spectrometer (GTK);
inelastic interactions of beam particles with the last station (GTK3)
are detected by an array of scintillator hodoscopes (CHANTI). A
dipole magnet (TRIM5) providing a 90 MeV/c horizontal momen-
tum
kick is located in front of GTK3. The beam is delivered into
a vacuum tank containing a 75 m long fiducial decay volume (FV)
starting 2.6 m downstream of GTK3. The beam divergence at the
FV entrance is 0.11 mrad (rms) in both horizontal and vertical
planes. Downstream of the FV, undecayed beam particles continue
their path in vacuum.
Momenta
of charged particles produced in K
+
decays in the
FV are measured by a magnetic spectrometer (STRAW) located in
the vacuum tank downstream of the FV. The spectrometer con-
sists
of four tracking chambers made of straw tubes, and a dipole
magnet (MNP33) located between the second and third chambers
providing a horizontal momentum kick of 270 MeV/c in a direction
opposite to that produced by TRIM5. The achieved momentum res-
olution
σ
p
/p lies in the range of 0.3–0.4%.
A
ring-imaging Cherenkov detector (RICH), consisting of a
17.5 m long vessel filled with neon at atmospheric pressure, is
used for the identification and time measurement of charged par-
ticles.
The RICH provides a reference trigger time, typically with
70 ps precision. The Cherenkov threshold for pions is 12.5 GeV/c.
Positively and negatively charged particles have different angular
distributions downstream of the MNP33 magnet; the RICH optical
system is optimized to collect light emitted by positively charged
particles. Two scintillator hodoscopes CHOD, which include a ma-
trix
of tiles, as well as two orthogonal planes of slabs, arranged
in four quadrants) downstream of the RICH provide trigger signals
and time measurements with 200 ps precision.
A 27X
0
thick quasi-homogeneous liquid krypton (LKr) electro-
magnetic
calorimeter is used for particle identification and photon
detection. The calorimeter has an active volume of 7m
3
, is seg-
mented
in the transverse direction into 13248 projective cells of
approximately 2 ×2cm
2
, and provides an energy resolution of
σ
E
/E = (4.8/
√
E ⊕ 11/E ⊕ 0.9)%, where E is expressed in GeV.
To achieve hermetic acceptance for photons emitted in K
+
de-
cays
in the FV at angles up to 50 mrad to the beam axis, the LKr
calorimeter is supplemented by annular lead glass detectors (LAV)
installed in 12 positions around and downstream of the FV, and
two lead/scintillator sampling calorimeters (IRC, SAC) located close
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.07.041
0370-2693/
© 2019 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by
SCOAP
3
.