P802.1p标准：增强局域网的流量加速与动态组播过滤

802.1P

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P802.1p标准是针对本地和城域网络（Local and Metropolitan Area Networks, LANs）的补充规范，它扩展了来自802.1D标准中引入的过滤服务概念。该标准主要关注两个关键目标： 1. **流量优先级增强（Traffic Class Expediting）**： P802.1p标准引入了对时间敏感信息传输的支持，通过定义额外的能力，使得在局域网环境中，对于实时通信、远程医疗、金融交易等对延迟和带宽需求极高的应用提供优先级保障。这种服务允许数据包根据其优先级进行区分和处理，确保关键业务的高效传输，从而提升网络服务质量。 2. **动态组播地址过滤（Dynamic Multicast Filtering）**：在传统局域网中，组播流量可能占据大量带宽，导致其他流量受到影响。P802.1p标准允许桥接设备动态管理组播地址，可以根据实际网络需求，动态地启用或关闭特定的组播组，减少不必要的广播和组播流量，优化网络资源分配，提高效率。 P802.1p标准适用于基于介质访问控制（Media Access Control, MAC）桥接技术的网络环境，它规范了如何在这些桥接设备上实现流量分类和优先级管理，以及如何有效地处理多播流量，以适应不断增长的业务需求和复杂网络架构。通过实施P802.1p，网络管理员可以更好地控制和优化网络性能，确保关键业务的可靠性与效率。该标准由IEEE计算机学会的LANMAN标准委员会赞助，并由IEEE 802.1的互操作任务组准备。由于版权问题，所有内容未经正式批准并可能随时更新。标准文档提供了一个抽象概述，包含了关键词如本地网络、MAC桥接、流量优先级增强、多播地址过滤和MAC桥管理，以帮助读者理解其核心内容和适用场景。 P802.1p标准是一个重要的网络技术指南，对于构建高效、可扩展和具有服务质量保障的本地和城域网络具有深远影响，特别是在支持实时业务和资源管理方面。

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Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Supplement to Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges: P802.1p/D7

Traffic Class Expediting and Dynamic Multicast Filtering August 12, 1997

This is an unapproved IEEE/ISO/IEC Standards Draft, subject to change.

Page 16

IEEE Std 802.12-1995, IEEE Standards for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Demand Priority

Access Method, Physical Layer and Repeater Specification for 100Mb/s Operation (ANSI).

ISO 6937-2:1983, Information processing—Coded character sets for text communication—Part 2: Latin

alphabetic and non-alphabetic graphic characters.

ISO 7498:1984, Information processing systems—Open Systems Interconnection—Basic Reference Model.

ISO 8824:1987, Information processing systems—Open Systems Interconnection—Specification of

Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1).

ISO 8825:1987, Information processing systems—Open Systems Interconnection—Specification of Basic

Encoding Rules for Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1).

ISO/IEC 9595:1990, Information processing systems—Open Systems Interconnection—Common manage-

ment information service definition.

ISO/IEC 9596:1990, Information processing systems—Open Systems Interconnection—Common manage-

ment information protocol specification.

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Ring Media Access Control (MAC).

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between systems—Local and metropolitan area networks—Technical reports and Guidelines—Part 2: Stan-

dard Group MAC addresses.

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information exchange between systems—Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—Technical Reports and

Guidelines—Part 5: Media Access Control Bridging of Ethernet V2.0 in IEEE 802 Local Area Networks.

ISO/IEC 15802-1:1995, Information technology—Telecommunications and information exchange between

systems—Local and metropolitan area networks—Common specifications—Part 1: Medium Access Control

(MAC) service definition.

ISO/IEC 15802-2:1995 [ANSI/IEEE Std 802.1B-1995], Information technology—Telecommunications and

information exchange between systems—Local and metropolitan area networks—Common specifications—

Part 2: LAN/MAN Management.

1.3 Definitions

The following definitions are specific to this standard:

1.3.1 IEEE 802 Local Area Network (LAN)

IEEE 802 LANs (also referred to in the text simply as LANs) are Local Area Network technologies that pro-

vide a MAC service equivalent to the MAC service defined in ISO/IEC 15802-1. IEEE 802 LANs include

ISO/IEC 15802-3 (CSMA/CD), ISO/IEC 15802-4 (Token Bus), ISO/IEC 15802-5 (Token Ring), ISO/IEC

ISO and ISO/IEC documents are available from the ISO Central Secretariat, 1 rue de Varembé, Case Postale 56, CH-1211, Genève 20,

Switzerland/Suisse; and from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018,

USA.

Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Supplement to Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges: P802.1p/D7

Traffic Class Expediting and Dynamic Multicast Filtering August 12, 1997

This is an unapproved IEEE/ISO/IEC Standards Draft, subject to change.

Page 17

15802-6 (DQDB), ISO/IEC 15802-9 (IS-LAN), IEEE 802.12 (Demand Priority) and ISO 9314-2 (FDDI)

LANs.

Note: The connectionless service part of ISO/IEC 15802-6 provides an equivalent MAC service. This standard covers

Bridging of 48-bit addressed ISO/IEC 15802-6 PDUs only. The Bridging of 60-bit addressed ISO/IEC 15802-6 PDUs is

outside the scope of this standard.

1.3.2 Bridged Local Area Network

A concatenation of individual Local Area Networks interconnected by MAC Bridges.

1.3.3 Group

A Group associates a set of properties with a group MAC address that define membership characteristics for

the Group, and define the forwarding/filtering behavior of a Bridge with respect to frames destined for mem-

bers of that Group. A Group is said to

exist

if the properties associated with that Group are visible in an entry

in the Filtering Database of a Bridge, or in the GARP state machines that characterize the state of the Group;

a Group is said to

have members

if the properties of the Group indicate that members of the Group can be

reached through specific Ports of the Bridge.

1.4 Abbreviations

The following abbreviations are used in this standard:

BPDU.

Bridge Protocol Data Unit.

GARP.

Generic Attribute Registration Protocol.

GARP PDU.

GARP Protocol Data Unit.

GID.

GARP Information Declaration.

GIP.

GARP Information Propagation.

GMRP.

GARP Multicast Registration Protocol.

1.5 Conformance

1.5.1 Static conformance requirements

A MAC Bridge for which conformance to this standard is claimed shall:

a) conform to the relevant MAC standards for the MAC technology or technologies implemented at its

Ports, as described in 2.5;

b) conform to ISO 8802-2 for the implementation of a Class of LLC supporting Type 1 operation as

required by 3.3, and 3.1.2;

c) relay and filter frames as described in 3.1 and specified in 3.5, 3.6, and 3.7 for support of Basic Fil-

tering Services, and for a single traffic class associated with each outbound Port;

d) maintain the information required to make frame-filtering decisions as described in 3.1 and specified

in 3.8 and 3.9, for the support of Basic Filtering Services.

e) use stated values of the following parameters of the Filtering Database (3.9):

1) Filtering Database Size, the maximum number of entries that can be held in the Filtering

Database.

Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Supplement to Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges: P802.1p/D7

Traffic Class Expediting and Dynamic Multicast Filtering August 12, 1997

This is an unapproved IEEE/ISO/IEC Standards Draft, subject to change.

Page 18

2) Permanent Database Size, the maximum number of entries that can be held in the Permanent

Database.

f) conform to the provisions for addressing specified in 3.12.

g) provide

1) A means of assigning a group MAC Address to identify the Bridge Protocol Entity, if 48-bit

Universally Administered Addresses are not used;

2) A distinct Port identifier for each Port of the Bridge, as specified in 4.5, as required by 4.2 for

operation of the Spanning Tree Algorithm and Protocol.

h) implement the Spanning Tree Algorithm and Protocol described in clause 4, as specified in 4.7.

i) not exceed the values given in 4.10.2 for the following parameters:

1) Maximum bridge transit delay

2) Maximum Message Age increment overestimate

3) Maximum BPDU transmission delay

j) use the value given in Table 4-3 (p124) for the following parameter:

1) Hold Time

k) encode transmitted BPDUs and validate received BPDUs as specified in clause 5.

l) specify a Guaranteed Port Filtering Rate for each Bridge Port, a Guaranteed Bridge Relaying Rate

for the Bridge, and the related time intervals

and

as specified in clause 8. Operation of the

Bridge within the specified parameters shall not violate any of the other conformance provisions of

this standard.

1.5.2 Options

A MAC Bridge for which conformance to this standard is claimed may:

a) provide the capability to control the mapping of the priority of forwarded frames as specified in 2.4,

3.5.1, 3.7.3.

b) provide the capability to read and update the Filtering and Permanent Databases as specified in 3.9.

c) provide the capability to set the Ageing Time as specified in 3.9. A Bridge that provides this capabil-

ity shall implement the full range of values specified in Table 3-4 (p54).

d) implement the optional provisions for addressing Bridge Management as specified in 3.12.4, for

associating the Bridge Address with a Bridge Port as specified in 3.12.5, and for pre-conditioning

group addresses in the Permanent Database as specified in 3.9.6.

e) provide the capability to assign values to the following parameters to allow configuration of the

Spanning Tree active topology:

1) Bridge Priority

2) Port Priority

3) Path Cost for each Port

A Bridge that provides this capability shall implement the range of values specified in 4.10.2 and

Table 4-4 (p124) and Table 4-5 (p125).

f) provide the capability to set the values of the following parameters of the Spanning Tree Algorithm

and Protocol:

1) Bridge Max Age

2) Bridge Hello Time

3) Bridge Forward Delay

A Bridge that provides this capability shall implement the range of values specified in 4.10.2 and

Table 4-3 (p124).

g) support management of the Bridge. Bridges claiming to support management shall support all the

management objects and operations defined in clause 6.

h) support the use of a remote management protocol. Bridges claiming to support remote management

shall

1) State which remote management protocol standard(s) or specification(s) are supported.

2) State which standard(s) or specification(s) for managed object definitions and encodings are

supported for use by the remote management protocol.

Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Supplement to Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges: P802.1p/D7

Traffic Class Expediting and Dynamic Multicast Filtering August 12, 1997

This is an unapproved IEEE/ISO/IEC Standards Draft, subject to change.

Page 19

i) support the ability to disable topology change detection, as described in 4.5.5.10.

j) provide multiple traffic classes, as described in 3.7, associated with one or more outbound Ports;

k) provide the capability for Static Filtering Entries for individual MAC addresses to specify that for-

warding or filtering behavior should be based on dynamic filtering information, as specified in 3.9.1;

l) relay and filter frames as described in 3.1 and specified in 3.5, 3.6, 3.7 and 3.9 for support of

Extended Filtering Services, and implement the GARP Multicast Registration Protocol (GMRP), as

detailed in the conformance requirements defined in 9.4.1;

m) provide the ability to manage the priority of relayed frames, as specified in

2.4, 3.5.1 and 3.7.3.

1.5.3 Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement

The supplier of an implementation that is claimed to conform to this standard shall complete a copy of the

PICS proforma provided in Annex A and shall provide the information necessary to identify both the sup-

plier and the implementation.

1.6 Recommendations

1.6.1 Management

Support of the managed objects and management operations specified in clause 6 is highly recommended.

1.7 MAC-specific bridging methods

MAC-specific bridging methods may exist. Use of a MAC-specific bridging method and the method speci-

fied in this standard on the same LAN shall

a) Not prevent communication between stations in a Bridged Local Area Network.

b) Preserve the MAC Service.

c) Preserve the characteristics of each bridging method within its own domain.

d) Provide for the ability of both bridging techniques to coexist simultaneously on a LAN without

adverse interaction.

Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Supplement to Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges: P802.1p/D7

Traffic Class Expediting and Dynamic Multicast Filtering August 12, 1997

This is an unapproved IEEE/ISO/IEC Standards Draft, subject to change.

Page 20

2. Support of the MAC service

MAC Bridges interconnect the separate IEEE 802 LANs that comprise a Bridged Local Area Network by

relaying and filtering frames between the separate MACs of the Bridged LAN. The position of the bridging

function within the MAC Sublayer is shown in Figure 2-1.

This clause discusses the following aspects of service provision in Bridged LANs:

a) Provision of the MAC Service to end stations;

b) Preservation of the MAC Service;

c) Maintenance of Quality of Service;

d) Provision of the internal sublayer service within the MAC Bridge;

e) Support of the Internal Sublayer Service by specific MAC procedures;

f) Filtering services.

2.1 Support of the MAC Service

The MAC service provided to end stations attached to a Bridged Local Area Network is the (unconfirmed)

connectionless-mode MAC service defined in ISO/IEC 15802-1. The MAC service is defined as an abstrac-

tion of the features common to a number of specific MAC services; it describes the transfer of user data

between source and destination end stations, via MA-UNITDATA request primitives and corresponding

MA-UNITDATA indication primitives issued at MAC service access points. Each MA-UNITDATA request

and indication primitive has four parameters: Destination Address, Source Address, MAC service data unit

(MSDU) and Priority.

The style of Bridge operation maximizes the availability of the MAC Service to end stations and assists in

the maintenance of the Bridged Local Area Network. It is therefore desirable that Bridges be capable of

being configured in the Bridged Local Area Network:

a) So as to provide redundant paths between end stations to enable the Bridged Local Area Network to

continue to provide the Service in the event of component failure (of Bridge or LAN).

b) So that the paths supported between end stations are predictable and configurable given the avail-

ability of Bridged Local Area Network components.

2.2 Preservation of the MAC Service

The MAC Service offered by a Bridged Local Area Network consisting of LANs interconnected by MAC

Bridges is similar (2.3) to that offered by a single LAN. In consequence,

Figure 2-1—Internal organization of the MAC sublayer

LLC

MAC

LLC

MAC

MAC Service

User

MAC Service

Provider

MAC MAC

RELAY

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