探索SQL Server 2008 R2：技术解析与应用

2008

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"Introducing SQL Server 2008 R2" 本书主要介绍了Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2这一数据库管理系统，这是SQL Server 2008的增强版，包含了许多新特性和改进，旨在提升数据库管理、数据存储、分析和报告等方面的功能。 SQL Server 2008 R2在数据可视化方面有了显著提升，引入了PowerPivot for Excel，这允许用户在Excel中进行复杂的数据分析和建模，支持大规模数据集的快速处理，并能创建交互式的数据透视表和图表。此外，它还提供了PowerView，一个用于报表浏览和交互式数据分析的工具，使得非技术用户也能轻松操作。在安全性方面，SQL Server 2008 R2强化了角色管理和权限控制，通过Policy-Based Management（基于策略的管理）提供了一种集中化的管理方式，帮助管理员定义、实施和审计组织的数据库管理策略。另外，Data Masking功能则允许敏感数据在不影响应用程序运行的情况下进行隐藏，提高了数据的保密性。对于企业级的大数据处理，SQL Server 2008 R2引入了并行数据仓库（Parallel Data Warehouse），这是一个分布式并行处理的架构，能够处理PB级别的数据。此外，列存储索引的引入显著提升了数据仓库查询性能，尤其在数据分析和数据挖掘场景中。在云计算集成方面，SQL Server 2008 R2通过SQL Azure Integration Services，使得用户能够将本地数据库与云服务无缝连接，实现数据同步和备份，为混合云环境提供了支持。在报告服务方面，Reporting Services得到了进一步增强，支持自定义视觉效果和更灵活的报表订阅选项，使得报告的创建和分发更加便捷。同时，Master Data Services（主数据服务）为企业提供了统一的主数据管理平台，确保数据的一致性和准确性。在开发工具上，SQL Server 2008 R2提供了改进的Visual Studio集成开发环境（IDE），支持T-SQL脚本的调试和优化，以及更强大的数据库项目管理功能，帮助开发者更高效地构建和维护数据库应用。 SQL Server 2008 R2是微软对数据库管理系统的又一次重大升级，它不仅增强了数据库性能，还提供了更丰富的数据管理和分析工具，以满足企业和开发者的多样化需求。无论是数据安全、大数据处理、云计算集成还是报告服务，SQL Server 2008 R2都展现出了强大的功能和灵活性，成为了企业级数据库解决方案的重要选择。

xvi

And last but not least, I would like to thank my Microsoft mentors who assisted

with my career development and transition to the Microsoft Technology Center in

Silicon Valley: Kelly Oliver, Alex Viera, Buck Woody, Kevin Tsai, and Burzin Patel.

—Ross Mistry

he chapters of Part II covering the BI features of Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2

are more complete and more accurate thanks to the efforts of the members

of each product team who graciously participated in the review process. I’d like to

thank the following people for their contributions:

■

SQL Server 2008 R2 Parallel Data Warehouse Barbara Kess, Senior

Technical Writer; Christian Kleinerman, Principal Product Unit Manager;

Paul Dyke, Principal Architect; Richard Tkachuk, Principal Program Man-

ager; Sadek Noureddine, Software Development Engineer; and Edward

Melomed, Senior Program Manager

■

SQL Server 2008 R2 Master Data Services John McAllister, Principal

Group Program Manager; Reagan Templin, Technical Writer; and Val Lovicz,

Principal Program Manager

■

SQL Server StreamInsight Mark Simms, Senior Program Manager, Ap-

plication Platform Customer Advisory Team

■

SQL Server 2008 R2 Reporting Services Thierry D’Hers, Group Pro-

gram Manager; Neeraja Divakaruni, Program Manager; Carolyn Chau, Prin-

cipal Program Manager Lead; Lukasz Pawlowski, Senior Program Manager;

Yi Liao, Senior Program Manager; Prash Shirolkar, Program Manager; Sean

Boon, Senior Program Manager; and Robert Bruckner, Senior Software

Development Engineer

■

SQL Server PowerPivot Dave Wickert, Principal Program Manager

I’d also like to thank Sabrena McBride, Senior Product Manager, for her review

of the entire book.

Last, but not least, I’d like to thank Ken Jones, former product planner, for

inviting me to this project; Karen Szall, developmental editor, for helping us get

started; and Maria Gargiulo, project editor, for patiently but rmly guiding us

through the remainder of the project. I also thank Kathy Krause, Rozanne Whalen,

and Kathleen Atkins for their roles during the copyediting, technical review, and

proofreading processes. And nally, my thanks go also to Ross Mistry for his work

on the chapters of Part I and his encouragement during the inevitable challenges

related to working with pre-release software on a tight schedule.

Please accept our apologies if we missed anyone.

—Stacia Misner

xvii

Introduction

ur purpose in Introducing Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2 is to point out both

the new and the improved in the latest version of SQL Server. Because this

version is Release 2 (R2) of SQL Server 2008, you might think the changes are

relatively minor—more than a service pack, but not enough to justify an entirely

new version. However, as you read this book, we think you will nd that there are a

lot of exciting enhancements and new capabilities engineered into SQL Server 2008 R2

that will have a positive impact on your applications, ranging from improvements

in operation to those in management. It is denitely not a minor release!

Who Is This Book For?

This book is for anyone who has an interest in SQL Server 2008 R2 and wants to

understand its capabilities. In a book of this size, we cannot cover every feature

that distinguishes SQL Server from other databases, and consequently we assume

that you have some familiarity with SQL Server already. You might be a data-

base administrator (DBA), an application developer, a power user, or a technical

decision maker. Regardless of your role, we hope that you can use this book to

discover the features in SQL Server 2008 R2 that are most benecial to you.

How Is This Book Organized?

SQL Server 2008 R2, like its predecessors, is more than a database engine. It is a

collection of components that you can implement either separately or as a group

to form a scalable data platform. In broad terms, this data platform consists of

two types of components—those that help you manage data and those that help

you deliver business intelligence (BI). Accordingly, we have divided this book into

two parts to focus on the new capabilities for each of these areas.

Part I, “Database Administration,” is written with the DBA in mind and introduc-

es readers to the numerous innovations in SQL Server 2008 R2. Chapter 1, “SQL

Server 2008 R2 Editions and Enhancements,” discusses the key enhancements,

what’s new in the different editions of SQL Server 2008 R2, and the benets of

running SQL Server 2008 R2 on Windows Server 2008 R2. In Chapter 2, “Multi-

Server Administration,” readers learn how centralized management capabilities

xviii Introduction

are improved with the introduction of the SQL Server Utility Control Point. Step-

by-step instructions show DBAs how to quickly designate a SQL Server instance as

a Utility Control Point and enroll instances for centralized multi-server manage-

ment. Chapter 3, “Data-Tier Applications,” focuses on how to streamline deploy-

ment and manage and upgrade database applications with the new data-tier ap-

plication feature. Chapter 4, “High Availability and Virtualization Enhancements,”

covers high availability enhancements and includes step-by-step implementations

for ensuring business continuity with SQL Server 2008 R2, Windows Server 2008

R2, and Hyper-V Live Migration. Finally, in Chapter 5, “Consolidation and Moni-

toring,” a discussion on consolidation strategies teaches readers how to improve

resource optimization. This chapter also explains how to use the new dashboard

and viewpoints to gain insight into application and database utilization, and it also

covers how to use capacity policy violations to help identify consolidation oppor-

tunities, maximize investments, and ultimately maintain healthier systems.

In Part II, “Business Intelligence Development,” readers discover components

new to the SQL Server data platform, as well as signicant enhancements to the

reporting component. Chapter 6, “Scalable Data Warehousing,” introduces the

data warehouse appliance known as SQL Server 2008 R2 Parallel Data Warehouse

by explaining its architecture, reviewing data layout strategies for optimal query

performance, and describing the integration points with SQL Server BI com-

ponents. In Chapter 7, “Master Data Services,” readers learn about master data

management concepts and the new Master Data Services component. Chapter 8,

“Complex Event Processing with StreamInsight,” describes scenarios that benet

from complex event analysis, and it illustrates how to develop applications that

use the SQL Server StreamInsight engine for complex event processing. Chapter

9, “Reporting Services Enhancements,” reviews all the new features available in

SQL Server 2008 R2 Reporting Services that support self-service reporting and

address common report design problems. Last, Chapter 10, “Self-Service Analysis

with PowerPivot,” continues the theme of self-service by explaining how users can

integrate disparate data for analysis by using SQL Server PowerPivot for Excel, and

how to centralize and share the results of this analysis by using SQL Server Power-

Pivot for SharePoint.

Pre-Release Software

To help you get familiar with SQL Server 2008 R2 as early as possible after its

release, we wrote this book using examples that work with the Release Candidate

0 (RC0) version of the product. Consequently, the nal version might include new

features, and features we discuss might change or disappear. Refer to the “What’s

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