CMB光谱畸变约束暗物质-暗光子模型研究

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"通过CMB光谱畸变用暗物质约束暗光子模型" 这篇科研论文探讨了标准模型（SM）之外的暗物质宇宙学，尤其是暗物质与暗光子模型之间的相互作用。暗物质是宇宙中未直接观测到但通过其引力效应推断存在的物质。暗光子则是一种理论上的粒子，它可能作为暗物质与标准模型粒子之间相互作用的媒介。文章主要关注的是暗光子在动力学上与SM混合的模型，即暗光子不仅作为传递力的粒子，还可能参与宇宙中的动态过程。作者Ki-Young Cho、Kenji Kadota、Inwoo Park等人分析了由于暗物质与重子通过隐藏的光介体（暗光子）进行弹性散射，如何导致宇宙微波背景（CMB）光谱的非黑体形状失真。CMB是大爆炸后留下的辐射遗迹，其精细结构提供了关于早期宇宙的重要信息。通过对CMB光谱畸变的研究，科学家可以深入了解宇宙的成分和历史，包括暗物质的行为。论文中提到了实验前景，特别是针对类PIXIE实验的预期。PIXIE（Primordial Inflation Explorer）是一个计划中的空间天文台，旨在检测极微弱的CMB光谱畸变，以揭示宇宙早期的物理过程。作者将这类未来实验的预测结果与现有的地面互补实验（如Planck卫星等）的边界进行了比较，以评估探测暗光子模型的可行性。关键字包括：暗物质、暗光子、CMB畸变，这些关键词突出了研究的核心领域。文章经过多次修改，最终在2017年4月接受并在线发布，由M. Trodden编辑。这篇论文提供了对暗物质与暗光子模型之间相互作用的深入理解，同时提出了利用CMB光谱畸变作为探测新物理现象的手段，尤其是在暗物质物理学和宇宙学领域，这为未来实验设计和理论发展提供了重要参考。通过这样的研究，科学家希望能更接近揭示宇宙深处隐藏的秘密，以及可能存在的未知物理法则。

Physics Letters B 771 (2017) 162–167

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

Physics Letters B

www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb

Constraining dark photon model with dark matter from CMB spectral

distortions

Ki-Young Choi

, Kenji Kadota

, Inwoo Park

c,b,∗

Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles and Department of Physics, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186,

Republic of Korea

Center for Theoretical Physics of the Universe, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34051, Republic of Korea

Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history:

Received

16 January 2017

Received

in revised form 24 April 2017

Accepted

24 April 2017

Available

online 19 May 2017

Editor:

M. Trodden

Keywords:

Dark

matter

Dark

photon

CMB

distortion

Many extensions of Standard Model (SM) include a dark sector which can interact with the SM sector via

a light mediator. We explore the possibilities to probe such a dark sector by studying the distortion of

the CMB spectrum from the blackbody shape due to the elastic scatterings between the dark matter

and baryons through a hidden light mediator. We in particular focus on the model where the dark

sector gauge boson kinetically mixes with the SM and present the future experimental prospect for a

PIXIE-like experiment along with its comparison to the existing bounds from complementary terrestrial

experiments.

(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP

1. Introduction

The energy spectrum of the cosmic microwave background

(CMB) follows the most perfect blackbody spectrum ever observed.

There yet can exist a minuscule deviation from the blackbody

when the CMB photons are not in a perfect equilibrium. The

number-changing interactions such as Bremsstrahlung and double

Compton scatterings are not eﬃcient enough for the redshift z 

2 ×10

and the energy injection/extraction can result in the Bose–

Einstein

distribution with a non-vanishing μ parameter (rather

than the blackbody distribution with μ = 0) [1]. For z  5 × 10

even the kinetic equilibrium cannot be maintained due to the in-

eﬃcient

Compton scatterings and the spectrum distortion can be

characterized by the Compton y-parameter which is given by the

line of sight integral of electron pressure [2].

The

attempt to measure potential CMB spectral distortion has

been made by the Far Infrared Absolute Spectrophotometer (FI-

RAS)

instrument aboard the COBE satellite [3] two decades ago,

leading to the upper bounds |μ|  10

−4

and |y|  10

−5

. The next

Corresponding author at: Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of

Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.

E-mail

addresses: kiyoungchoi@jnu.ac.kr (K.-Y. Choi), kadota@ibs.re.kr

(K. Kadota),

inwpark@kaist.ac.kr (I. Park).

generation space-telescope PIXIE [4] is expected to improve the

sensitivity to |μ| ∼5 ×10

−8

and |y| ∼ 10

−8

The

CMB spectral distortion can, for instance, be induced by the

energy injection into the background plasma in many non-standard

cosmological scenarios [5]. The examples include the energy re-

lease

from decaying heavy relics [6,7], evaporating primordial black

holes [8], the annihilating dark matter (DM) [9,10] and the dissi-

pation

of acoustic waves [11–13].

Even

in the standard cosmology, however, the CMB distortion

can occur due to the energy transfer between the photons and the

“baryons” (protons and electrons) [5,14,15]. The Coulomb interac-

tions

of non-relativistic plasma consisting of baryons with photons

can extract energy from the CMB and maintain the kinetic equi-

librium.

The temperature of baryons follows that of photons and

decreases inversely proportional to the scale factor of the Universe,

 T

∼ 1/a, instead of 1/a

for the decoupled non-relativistic

matter. This extraction of energy from the CMB results in the

μ-distortion of the order of μ −3 ×10

−9

The

analogous effects can be induced when the DM is ther-

mally

coupled to the photon-baryon plasma by the elastic scatter-

ings,

and such effects on the CMB spectral distortions were ﬁrst

discussed in [16] and elaborated on in [17]. The additional en-

ergy

extraction from CMB into DM enhances the spectral distortion

of CMB with a negative μ. Since the DM number density is in-

versely

proportional to its mass, for a given DM mass density, the

FIRAS can constrain the DM mass up to m

∼ 0.1GeV and a fu-

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2017.04.062

0370-2693/

SCOAP

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