WindRiver Linux 3.0.2 用户指南

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"WindRiver Linux 3.0.2 用户指南" 本文档是Wind River公司为用户提供的关于WindRiver Linux 3.0.2版本的操作系统使用的详细指导。Wind River是一家专注于嵌入式系统软件的公司，其产品包括Tornado和VxWorks等知名实时操作系统。在本用户指南中，用户可以找到关于WindRiver Linux 3.0.2的各种信息，以帮助他们有效地开发、部署和管理基于该平台的应用程序和系统。首先， WindRiver Linux 3.0.2是一款专为嵌入式设备设计的定制化Linux发行版。它结合了开源Linux的强大功能和Wind River的专业支持，旨在提供一个稳定、安全且高性能的环境，适用于各种工业、航空、通信和其他领域中的苛刻应用。用户指南通常会包含以下主要内容： 1. **安装与配置**：详述如何安装WindRiver Linux 3.0.2，包括硬件需求、分区策略、网络设置以及安装过程中的注意事项。 2. **开发环境**：介绍如何设置和使用开发工具链，如编译器、调试器和构建系统，以便用户能够编写、测试和优化针对该操作系统的应用程序。 3. **系统管理**：涵盖系统启动流程、内核管理、设备驱动程序、文件系统管理、网络服务和安全管理等方面，帮助用户理解和维护系统运行。 4. **实时性能**：由于Wind River有实时操作系统的背景，该版本可能包含对实时性能的优化，使得在处理关键任务时能保证确定性和响应速度。 5. **软件包与更新**：解释如何获取和安装额外的软件包，以及如何保持系统更新，以获取最新的安全修复和功能增强。 6. **第三方软件**：由于产品可能包含了第三方软件的许可，文档中会提供有关这些软件的信息和相关许可条款，确保用户在使用过程中遵守法律要求。 7. **技术支持与资源**：指引用户如何获取Wind River的技术支持，可能包括社区论坛、在线文档、知识库和客户服务联系方式。 8. **附录和参考**：可能包含命令行参考、错误代码列表和其他技术细节，以供用户在解决问题时参考。请注意，虽然Wind River提供了对第三方文档的引用或链接，但公司不对这些第三方资料的内容负责。用户需要自行评估和使用这些信息。在实际使用过程中，遵循用户指南将有助于用户更高效地利用WindRiver Linux 3.0.2的全部功能，从而提升他们的开发效率和产品质量。对于任何关于商标、版权或其他法律问题，用户应参照Wind River的官方网站或联系公司获取最新信息。

Wind River Linux

User's Guide, 3.0.2

xvi

Sharing a Kernel ................................................................................................ 302

26.5 Kernel Patching with scc ................................................................................................ 302

Kernel Patching Design Philosophy ............................................................... 302

scc Facilities ........................................................................................................ 303

scc Files ............................................................................................................... 303

scc File Examples ............................................................................................... 305

27 Concepts: Network Server Configuration ............................................... 307

27.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 307

27.2 Boot Process Overview ................................................................................................... 307

27.3 Network Services During Boot ..................................................................................... 308

27.4 Network Configuration on Different Hosts .............................................................. 309

27.5 Setting Target and Server Host Names ....................................................................... 309

27.6 Configuring PXE .............................................................................................................. 309

Process Overview .............................................................................................. 309

27.6.1 Preparing the Downloaded Files .................................................................... 310

The PXELinux Boot Loader File ...................................................................... 310

The PXELinux Configuration File .................................................................. 310

27.6.2 Setting up and Booting the Target .................................................................. 312

Configuring PXE Boot On the Target ............................................................. 312

Booting the Target ............................................................................................. 312

PART IV: USE CASES

28 Building Run-times with RPM and Source ............................................... 315

28.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 315

28.2 Tutorial One: RPM Build for Common PC ................................................................ 316

28.3 Tutorial Two: Source Build for Common PC ............................................................ 318

28.4 Tutorial Three: Building ISO Images and Partial Run-time Systems .................. 319

Building an ISO Image ..................................................................................... 319

Building RPMs Only ......................................................................................... 319

Building a Kernel Only ..................................................................................... 319

28.5 Tutorial Four: RPM Build on ARM Versatile AB-926EJS ....................................... 320

28.6 Tutorial Five: Source Build on ARM Versatile AB-926EJS ..................................... 321

Contents

xvii

28.7 Tutorial Six: Building Ramdisk and Flash File Systems ......................................... 322

Building a Ramdisk Image ............................................................................... 322

Building a JFFS2 Image .................................................................................... 322

Building a CRAMFS Image .............................................................................. 322

29 Using Custom Templates and Layers ....................................................... 323

29.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 323

29.1.1 Examples in this Use Case ............................................................................... 324

29.1.2 The Layers Used in the Example .................................................................... 324

29.2 Adding a Layer to a Platform Project .......................................................................... 325

29.3 Adding Another Layer ................................................................................................... 326

29.4 Overriding Layer Contents with Another Layer ....................................................... 327

29.5 Patching a Host Tools Package ..................................................................................... 328

29.6 Configuring and Patching the Kernel ......................................................................... 329

Enabling CONFIG_BINFMT_AOUT ............................................................. 329

Patching the Kernel ........................................................................................... 330

Configuring and Building ................................................................................ 330

29.7 Using Feature Templates in Layers ............................................................................. 331

29.8 Modifying a BSP ............................................................................................................. 333

30 Customizing a LAMP Stack with a Layer .................................................. 335

30.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 335

1 Creating the Base Project ............................................................................................... 337

2 Configuring the Customized Layer ............................................................................. 338

Creating the Custom Layer for Product 2 ..................................................... 338

Configuring the Layer for the Customized Web Server .............................. 338

3 Configuring the Layer for the Customized Busybox Utilities ............................... 339

4 Creating Product 2 ........................................................................................................... 340

Test Your New Product .................................................................................... 340

5 Adding a User and Group ............................................................................................. 341

6 Modifying Boa to Run as Non-root User .................................................................... 343

6.1 Test the Usermode Web Server ....................................................................... 345

6.2 Starting Boa at Boot Time ................................................................................. 346

7 Adding sqlite .................................................................................................................... 347

Wind River Linux

User's Guide, 3.0.2

xviii

Adding sqlite ..................................................................................................... 347

Start the Emulator in TUN/TAP Mode ......................................................... 348

Set-up the SQLite Database ............................................................................. 348

Generating HTML ............................................................................................. 349

Creating a Script to Access the Database ....................................................... 349

Accessing the Output with a Graphical Web Browser ................................ 351

8 Using a default Template .............................................................................................. 352

9 Additional Resources ..................................................................................................... 353

31 Creating Product Layers ............................................................................ 355

31.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 355

31.2 The Layers Used in this Example ................................................................................. 356

31.3 Adding a BSP Layer ........................................................................................................ 356

Verify Your Work .............................................................................................. 358

31.4 Adding a Platform Layer ................................................................................................ 359

Verify Your Work .............................................................................................. 362

31.5 Inheritance Between Layers .......................................................................................... 363

Scripting Kernel Patches with scc ................................................................... 364

Verify Your Work .............................................................................................. 365

31.6 Creating a Static Library Package ................................................................................ 366

Modifying the Package Makefile for Sysroots .............................................. 367

Verify Your Work .............................................................................................. 368

31.7 Using quilt and the User Space Configuration Tool to Import a Package ........... 369

Classic Method Example .................................................................................. 369

rpmbuild Method Example ............................................................................. 370

31.8 Adding Files to the File System with Layers ............................................................ 370

Adding Files with the fs Template Method .................................................. 371

Adding Files with the fs_final.sh Script Method .......................................... 371

31.9 Create Application and Provider Layers ..................................................................... 372

31.10 Configure the Project Using the Layers ...................................................................... 373

31.11 Maintaining Layers and Platform Projects ................................................................. 373

32 Kernel Use Cases ....................................................................................... 377

32.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 377

32.2 Adding a Feature to a Supported Kernel .................................................................... 377

Contents

xix

32.3 Using KVM ....................................................................................................................... 379

Overview Of KVM ............................................................................................ 379

KVM Host Requirements ................................................................................. 380

32.3.1 Configuring the KVM Host ............................................................................. 380

Boot KVM on common_pc_64 (with TAP) .................................................... 381

32.3.2 Configuring the KVM Guest ........................................................................... 382

Start the KVM guest (linux) from the KVM host (linux): ............................ 383

32.3.3 Run apache or boa ............................................................................................. 383

32.4 Collecting Kernel Core Dumps with Kdump ............................................................ 384

32.4.1 Kdump Example with x86 ............................................................................... 384

Using kexec for Quick Reboot ......................................................................... 386

Issues and Limitations ...................................................................................... 386

PART V: REFERENCES

A Open Source Documentation .................................................................... 389

A.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 389

A.2 Carrier Grade Linux ........................................................................................................ 389

A.3 Networking ....................................................................................................................... 390

A.4 Security .............................................................................................................................. 390

A.5 Linux Development ........................................................................................................ 390

B Common make Command Targets ........................................................... 393

B.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 393

C File System Layout Configuration ............................................................ 399

C.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 399

C.2 changelist.xml Commands ............................................................................................ 400

General Attributes ............................................................................................. 400

Removing a File, Directory, Pipe, Symlink, or Device ................................. 400

Adding a File ..................................................................................................... 400

Adding a Directory ........................................................................................... 401

Adding a Symlink ............................................................................................. 402

Adding a Device ................................................................................................ 403

Adding a Pipe .................................................................................................... 403

C.3 The fs_final.sh Script ...................................................................................................... 404

Wind River Linux

User's Guide, 3.0.2

D Control Groups (cgroups) .......................................................................... 405

D.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 405

D.2 CPUSETS .......................................................................................................................... 406

D.3 cgroups .............................................................................................................................. 407

E Build Variables ............................................................................................ 409

E.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 409

Additional Notes on Build Variables ............................................................. 413

F Cavium Simple Executive Integration and Debugging ........................... 415

F.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 415

F.1.1 Components of Wind River Simple Executive Support .............................. 416

Cavium Simple Executive SDK RPM ............................................................. 416

Cavium Simple Executive Linux RPM ........................................................... 416

WRLinux Simple Executive Layer .................................................................. 416

Workbench 3.x Simple Executive Debug Integration Patch ....................... 417

F.1.2 Provided "Feature Templates" ......................................................................... 417

F.2 Preparing the Host .......................................................................................................... 418

F.2.1 Installing the Simple Executive Layer Prerequisites .................................... 418

F.2.2 Available Documentation ................................................................................ 419

F.3 Configuring and Building from the Command Line ............................................... 419

F.3.1 Configuring your Project ................................................................................. 419

F.3.2 Customize your Package List .......................................................................... 419

Using the Feature Templates ........................................................................... 420

Making Changes Manually .............................................................................. 420

F.3.3 Building the Project ........................................................................................... 420

F.3.4 Specifying Build Types ..................................................................................... 421

F.4 Running Simple Executive Applications ................................................................... 421

F.4.1 Linux Usermode Applications ........................................................................ 422

F.4.2 Standalone Applications .................................................................................. 422

F.5 Simple Executive Layer Technical Notes ................................................................... 423

F.5.1 Simple Executive Applications as wrlinux Packages .................................. 423

Application Wrapper Makefiles ...................................................................... 423

Application Wrapper Support Files ............................................................... 424

F.5.2 Miscellaneous Simple Executive Details ........................................................ 424

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