双波长2微米光纤激光器：耦合光纤布拉格光栅腔的研究

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"这篇研究论文详细介绍了耦合光纤布拉格光栅腔的双波长2微米光纤激光器的设计、实现及其性能。该激光器基于光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）构建，能够有效地实现不同双波长的操作模式。实验结果显示，激光器在1942nm和2020nm两个波长上可以实现超过3W的输出功率，并且1942nm与2020nm激光发射功率的比例可调，范围从24.9%到237.6%。这是首次实现具有二元波长发射和灵活功率比例的2微米光纤激光系统，有望在多个领域得到应用。" 本文的主要知识点包括： 1. **光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）**：光纤布拉格光栅是一种特殊类型的光纤组件，通过周期性地改变光纤芯的折射率来反射特定波长的光，常用于激光器的腔内以控制激光的波长和模式。 2. **双波长激光器**：该研究中的光纤激光器能同时在1942nm和2020nm两个波长产生激光，这在光纤激光技术中是重要的进步，因为它允许在一个设备中实现多波长输出。 3. **耦合腔配置**：论文中提到的“耦合腔配置”指的是通过精细调整光纤布拉格光栅之间的相互作用，实现两个独立但相互耦合的谐振腔，这种设计可以灵活地控制激光器的输出性能和发射动态。 4. **功率可调性**：激光器能在1942nm和2020nm两个波长上实现超过3W的输出，并且功率比可调，这是通过管理腔内的耦合效率实现的。这种灵活性使得激光器可以根据具体应用需求调整输出特性。 5. **2微米（Tm-doped光纤激光器，TDFL）**：2微米波段的光纤激光器由于其在1900-2100nm波长范围内的高效激光发射，近年来发展迅速。这一波段的激光适用于大气探测、医疗、通信等多个领域。 6. **应用前景**：由于其独特的波长发射和功率比例调节能力，这种新型2微米光纤激光器有望在大气探测（如激光雷达）、医学成像、光纤通信和工业加工等应用中发挥重要作用。 7. **科研价值**：这项工作是2微米光纤激光技术的一个重要突破，不仅展示了新的设计思路，也为未来光纤激光器的多功能化和定制化提供了可能。耦合光纤布拉格光栅腔的双波长2微米光纤激光器结合了高效能、可调性和多用途性，是光纤激光技术的一个重要进展。

IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, VOL. 28, NO. 11, JUNE 1, 2016 1193

Dual-Wavelength 2-μm Fiber Laser With Coupled

Fiber Bragg Grating Cavities

Yao Wang, Yan Zhou, Shuo Yan, Yulong Tang, and Jianqiu Xu

Abstract—We develop dual-wavelength 2-µm ﬁber lasers with

coupled cavity conﬁgurations based on ﬁber Bragg gratings and

study their output performance and emission dynamics. Efﬁcient

cavity-coupling management leads to different dual-wavelength

operation regimes. Over 3 W of output power is realized at

both 1942 and 2020 nm, and a power ratio of the 1942 nm

to the 2020 nm laser emissions can be tuned from 24.9%

to 237.6%. This ﬁrst achieved 2-µm ﬁber laser system with

binary-wavelength emission and ﬂexible power ratios can ﬁnd

applications in various areas.

Index Terms—Fiber lasers, thulium, dual-wavelength, ﬁber

gratings.

I. INTRODUCTION

M-DOPED ﬁber lasers (TDFLs) have been advanced

rapidly in recent years due to their ability to generate efﬁ-

cient, high power, and diffraction-limited laser emission in the

1900-2100 nm wavelength range and have found signiﬁcant

applications in various areas, including atmospheric lidar mea-

surement, remote sensing, medical surgery, industry machin-

ing, etc. [1]–[3]. A large variety of TDFLs have been reported,

such as high power continuous wave (CW) mode [4]–[7],

pulsed mode [8]–[10], wavelength tunable [11]–[13], just to

name a few.

For some applications, such as division multiplexing

communication, optical signal processing, optical sensing,

and precision spectroscopy, multi-wavelength ﬁber

lasers (MWFLs) are required and shaping up as an important

area of research. There are a number of methods to realize

MWFL operation [14]–[21]. So far, a few papers have reported

MWFLs in the 2-μm regime [16]–[21]. For CW operation, the

2-μm MWFLs are generally constructed by using four-wave

mixing [16], [17], nonlinear loop mirror [18], [19], and

high-birefringence ﬁber Bragg gratings (FBGs) [20]. For

pulsed operation, the 2-μm MWFLs are primarily based on

nonlinear polarization evolution [21]. All these 2-μmMWFLs

Manuscript received October 8, 2015; revised December 9, 2015; accepted

February 25, 2016. Date of publication February 29, 2016; date of current

version April 5, 2016. This work was supported in part by the Research

Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China under

Grant 20120073120085 and in part by the National Natural Science Founda-

tion of China under Grant 11121504, Grant 61138006, and Grant 61275136.

The authors are with the Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas, Department

of Physics and Astronomy, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong Uni-

versity, Shanghai 200240, China, and also with the Collaborative Innovation

Center of Inertial Fusion Science and Application (CIC IFSA), Shanghai

Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (e-mail: ywang001@yeah.net;

luguozhe@sjtu.edu.cn; yanssjtu@163.com; yulong@sjtu.edu.cn; jqxu09@

sjtu.edu.cn).

Color versions of one or more of the ﬁgures in this letter are available

online at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.

Digital Object Identiﬁer 10.1109/LPT.2016.2536101

Fig. 1. Experimental setup of the coupled-cavity TDFL. LD: laser diode;

HR: highly reﬂective ﬁber Bragg grating; PR: partially reﬂective ﬁber Bragg

grating; TDF: Tm-doped ﬁber.

mentioned above, either CW or pulsed, feature low output

power and small wavelength spacing. However in some

particular applications, multi-wavelength laser beams with

moderate power and large wavelength spacing are required.

In this letter, dual-wavelength 2-μm ﬁber lasers with cou-

pled FBG cavities are reported. By changing both the laser

cavity parameters (cavity coupling, etc.) and the pumping

level, we obtain binary-wavelength output modes and different

output power ratios of the 1942 nm to the 2020 nm laser

emissions. Over 3 W of output power is realized at both

1942 nm and 2020 nm, and power ratio of the 1942 nm to the

2020 nm laser emissions can be tuned from 24.9% to 237.6%.

II. E

XPERIMENT AND RESULTS

In order to achieve dual-wavelength operation from a single

ﬁber laser system, we have designed a coupled-cavity con-

ﬁguration, as shown in Fig. 1. The 1942 nm laser cavity

includes the 2020 nm laser cavity. At the same time, these

two cavities are coupled due to pump depletion and laser light

reabsorption (the 1942 nm signal light can be reabsorbed in the

2020 nm laser cavity [7]). The active ﬁber used is a double-

clad TDF (Nufern, PLMA-TDF-25P/400-HE) with a 25 μm

diameter, 0.09 numerical aperture (NA) core doped with Tm

of ∼4 wt. % concentration. The pure-silica inner cladding,

coated with a low-index polymer, has a 400 μm diameter and

a NA of 0.46. The absorption of this ﬁber at 793 nm with

cladding-pump (at 1942 nm with core-pump) was measured

to be ∼3dB/m(∼1.2 dB/m) with the cut-back method.

A ∼2.1 m TDF and a ∼2.6 m TDF are used here. The

pump source is a 793 nm high power laser diode (LD). The

LD has a maximum output power of 75 W and a 220 μm

(0.22 NA) pigtail ﬁber, which matches to the pump ﬁber of a

(6+ 1)×1 high power ﬁber combiner (ITF, MMC0611C4090).

See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.

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