Physics Letters B 747 (2015) 357–364
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Physics Letters B
www.elsevier.com/locate/physletb
Twist-3 fragmentation functions in a spectator model with gluon
rescattering
Zhun Lu
a,∗
, Ivan Schmidt
b
a
Department of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
b
Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, and Centro Científico-Tecnológico de Valparaíso, Casilla 110-V, Valparaíso, Chile
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Article history:
Received
23 January 2015
Received
in revised form 26 April 2015
Accepted
8 June 2015
Available
online 10 June 2015
Editor:
G.F. Giudice
We study the twist-3 fragmentation functions H and
˜
H, by applying a spectator model. In the calculation
we consider the effect of the gluon rescattering at one loop level. We find that in this case the
hard-vertex diagram, which gives zero contribution to the Collins function, does contribute to the
fragmentation function H. The calculation shows that the twist-3 T-odd fragmentation functions are free
of light-cone divergences. The parameters of the model are fitted from the known parametrization of
the unpolarized fragmentation D
1
and the Collins function H
⊥
1
. We find that our result for the favored
fragmentation function is consistent with the recent extraction on H and
˜
H from pp data. We also check
numerically the equation of motion relation for H,
˜
H and find that relation holds fairly well in the
spectator model.
© 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP
3
.
1. Introduction
The Collins effect [1] has played an important role in the understanding of single spin asymmetries (SSAs) in various high energy
processes, such as semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS), hadron production in pp collision, and e
+
e
−
annihilation into hadron
pairs. The mechanism can be traced back to the so-called Collins fragmentation function [1], denoted by H
⊥
1
, which is a transverse
momentum dependent (TMD) nonpertubative object entering the factorized description of hard processes. It originates from the correlation
between the transverse momentum of the fragmenting hadron and the transverse spin of the parent quark. Differently from the ordinary
unpolarized fragmentation function D
1
, the Collins function is time-reversal-odd and chiral-odd. The extraction of the Collins function has
been performed in Ref. [2], and in Ref. [3] by considering TMD evolution.
For quite some time it was believed that the dominant contribution to the transverse SSA for hadron production in pp collision comes
from the Qiu–Sterman function T
F
(x, x) [4,5], which can be related to the transverse–momentum dependent (TMD) Sivers parton density
f
⊥
1
(x, p
2
T
) [6]: T
F
(x, x) =−
d
2
p
2
T
p
2
T
M
f
⊥
1T
(x, p
2
T
)|
SIDIS
. The latter one also contributes to the Sivers SSA in semi-inclusive deep inelastic
scattering (SIDIS) under the TMD factorization. However, a recent study [7] showed that the function T
F
(x, x) extracted from p
↑
p →hX
does
not match the sign of the Sivers function fitted from SIDIS data. This is the so-called “sign-mismatch” puzzle. It was suggested [8]
that
the twist-3 fragmentation contribution may be important for the SSA in pp collision, and could be used to solve the puzzle. This
was further confirmed by a phenomenological analysis [9] on SSA of inclusive pion production in pp collision [10–13] within the collinear
factorization, showing that the fragmentation contribution combined with the T
F
(x, x) extracted from SIDIS data can well describe the SSAs
in p
↑
p → π X. In this framework, three twist-3 fragmentation functions,
ˆ
H(z), H(z) and
ˆ
H
FU
(z, z
1
), participate. The first one corresponds
to the first moment of the TMD Collins function and has been applied to interpret the SSA in pp collisions in previous studies [14,15].
The second one appears in subleading order of a 1/Q expansion of the quark–quark correlator, while its TMD version H(z, k
2
T
) is also a
twist-3 function. The function
ˆ
H
FU
(z, z
1
) is the imaginary part of H
FU
(z, z
1
), which involves the F-type multiparton correlation [8,14,15].
The three functions are not independent, as they are connected by the equation of motion relation
*
Corresponding author.
E-mail
addresses: zhunlu@seu.edu.cn (Z. Lu), ivan.schmidt@usm.cl (I. Schmidt).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2015.06.011
0370-2693/
© 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by
SCOAP
3
.