ActionScript 3.0 教程与资源

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"Flex Flash ActionScript 3.0" ActionScript 3.0 是一种强大的脚本语言，主要用于开发Adobe Flash平台上的交互式内容、富互联网应用（RIA）以及Adobe AIR（Adobe Integrated Runtime）应用程序。它是Flash Professional和Flex Builder等开发工具的核心组成部分，允许开发者创建动态图形、动画和复杂的用户界面。在ActionScript 3.0中，有几个显著的改进和变化相对于之前的版本，如ActionScript 2.0： 1. 类型系统：AS3引入了强类型系统，提高了代码的稳定性和可维护性。开发者需要明确声明变量的类型，这有助于减少运行时错误。 2. 命名空间和包：AS3支持命名空间和包的概念，使得代码组织更有序，避免了名称冲突问题。 3. 动态语言与面向对象的结合：虽然AS3支持面向对象编程，如类、继承、封装和多态，但它仍然保持了一些动态语言的特性，如动态类型和反射。 4. 更高效的性能：由于采用了ECMAScript for XML (E4X) 和事件驱动模型，AS3的执行速度比AS2快很多，使得开发更复杂的Flash应用成为可能。 5. 动画和图形处理：AS3提供了更精细的控制，可以创建复杂的动画序列，并直接操作Stage上的DisplayObject，如MovieClips和 Sprites。 6. 异步通信：通过XMLSocket和URLLoader类，AS3支持与服务器进行异步数据交换，是实现Ajax风格应用的基础。 7. 音频和视频支持：AS3提供了更强大和灵活的音频和视频处理能力，包括流媒体播放和动态处理。 8. ActionScript 3.0设计模式：为了帮助开发者更好地组织和重用代码，已经发展出了一系列适用于AS3的设计模式，如工厂模式、观察者模式和单例模式。除了ActionScript 3.0本身的知识点，O'Reilly出版社还提供了其他相关资源，如《ActionScript 3.0 Design Patterns》这本书，它深入探讨了如何在AS3环境中应用软件设计模式。此外，还有《Dynamic HTML: The Definitive Reference》、《Ajax on Java》、《Ajax on Rails》等书籍，这些资源可以帮助开发者扩展到更广泛的Web开发领域，如DHTML、Ajax在Java和Ruby on Rails框架中的应用。 O'Reilly网站提供了丰富的学习材料，包括新闻、事件、文章、博客、样章和代码示例，是开发者获取最新技术和知识的重要平台。同时，O'Reilly Conferences组织各种技术会议，汇聚创新者，推动行业进步。Safari Bookshelf在线参考图书馆是程序员和IT专业人员的宝贵资源，提供超过1000本书的搜索功能，订阅者可以快速找到解决关键问题的答案。

Foreword1

We imagine a world where every digital interaction—whether in the classroom, the

office, the living room, the airport, or the car—is a powerful, simple, efficient, and

engaging experience. Flash Player is widely used to deliver these experiences and has

evolved into a sophisticated platform across browsers, operating systems, and devices.

One of the main forces driving Adobe’s innovation and the development of the Flash

Player is seeing where developers are pushing the edge of what’s possible to imple-

ment, and then enabling more developers to accomplish that kind of work.

Taking the way-back machine to 2001, you would see the web being widely used and

the early signs of web sites containing not only pages but also interactive applica-

tions. These applications were primarily using HTML forms and relying on web serv-

ers for processing the form information. A handful of leading edge developers were

working to implement a more responsive interaction by taking advantage of client-

side processing with ActionScript in Flash. One of the earliest examples of successful

interactive applications was the hotel reservation system for the Broadmoor Hotel,

which moved from a multi-page HTML form to a one-screen, highly interactive res-

ervation interface that increased their online reservations by 89%.

Clearly, responsiveness matters. It creates a much more effective, engaging experi-

ence. However, in 2001, there was a lot to be desired in terms of performance, power

of the scripting language, ease of debugging, and design constraints within browsers

(which were created to view pages rather than host applications).

We did a lot of brainstorming and talked extensively to developers and decided to

embark on a mission to enable this trend, naming the category “Rich Internet Appli-

cations” (RIAs). To better support RIAs, we aimed to create:

• A tremendously faster virtual machine in Flash Player for ActionScript 3.0.

• A development framework called Flex, making it radically easier to build RIAs.

• An environment specifically to deliver rich Internet applications to their full

potential, known now as the Adobe Integrated Runtime (AIR). During the dot-

com bust, we held onto the vision of enabling this future world of rich Internet

applications.

xvi

Foreword

We continued to invest in building a range of technologies and prepared for the day

that innovation on the web would ignite again. The days of innovation have now

returned in full force, and I am delighted to see rich Internet applications coming

into their own with Web 2.0. Developers are creating applications with a range of

technologies and frameworks that tap into the distributed creativity of the Internet,

take advantage of HTML, Flash, Flex, Ajax; and balance logic between the client and

server.

The new virtual machine has been delivered now in Flash Player 9, enabling Action-

Script 3.0 to run an order of magnitude faster and implement the most recent work

on the ECMA standard for the language (JavaScript follows this same standard). This

modern implementation has also now been released as open source with the Mozilla

Foundation as the Tamarin project, enabling the Flash Player team to work with

Mozilla engineers and others in the open source community to continue optimizing

the virtual machine and keeping up with the most recent standards work. This core

scripting engine will be incorporated over time in Firefox, bringing consistency

across scripting in HTML and Flash.

The development framework has also been delivered today as Flex, enabling rapid

development through common patterns for interaction and data management, with

the whole framework built in ActionScript 3.0. The Flex framework is available for

free, and the framework source code is included so you can see exactly how it works.

You can use any editor to write code using Flex, and a specific IDE is also available,

called Adobe Flex Builder.

As we saw innovation on the web returning and were pursuing this vision, we

decided to unite efforts across Adobe and Macromedia. While Macromedia was driv-

ing RIAs with Flash, Adobe was innovating in delivery of electronic documents,

among other areas. We saw over time that Macromedia would be adding electronic

document capability to RIAs and that Adobe would add RIA capability around elec-

tronic documents. Rather than pursue those paths separately and duplicate efforts,

we joined forces to deliver our vision for the next generation of documents and RIAs,

bringing together the world’s best technology for electronic documents and the

world’s best, most pervasive technology for RIAs. It’s an incredibly powerful

combination.

After we announced the merger, we created a “clean room” team to plan for our next

generation of software, drawing on everything we’ve learned to date as well as from

the potential of bringing Flash, PDF, and HTML together in the new Adobe AIR

environment for RIAs.

The AIR project is actually our third attempt at creating this new environment. The

first two attempts were part of an experimental project called Central which was

code named Mercury and then Gemini after the United States space program, and

with AIR code named Apollo. We learned a lot from those first two projects, and as I

like to remind the team, Apollo is the one that actually went to the moon.

Foreword

xvii

With AIR, you can leverage your existing web development skills (Flash, Flex,

HTML, JavaScript, Ajax) to build and deploy RIAs to the desktop. Just like web pub-

lishing allowed anyone with basic HTML skills to create a web site, AIR will enable

anyone with basic web development skills to create a desktop application.

As a developer, you can now create a closer connection to your users. With the

browser, you have a fleeting, somewhat tenuous, connection to users. They browse

to a page, and then they’re gone. AIR enables you to create an experience that can

keep you continuously connected to your customers. Just like a desktop application,

AIR applications have an icon on the desktop, in the Windows start menu, or in the

OS X dock. Also, when you’re running a web application today, it’s a separate world

from your computer. You can’t easily integrate local data with your web application.

For example, you can’t just drag and drop your Outlook contacts onto a web-based

mapping application to get directions to your friend’s house. Yet with AIR applica-

tions you can, as it bridges the chasm between your computer and the Internet.

I believe AIR represents the beginning of a new medium. And these applications are

fun to build. If you start early, you’ll be able to deliver capabilities in your applica-

tions that others won’t have yet—especially in terms of increasing the presence of

your application on the computer and bridging the web and the desktop.

The core of these RIAs is the ActionScript language, whether they run in the Flash

Player in a browser, as a desktop application through AIR, or on mobile devices.

Each generation of the ActionScript language has been comprehensively described by

Colin Moock in this series of O’Reilly books, becoming the reference book you’ll

find on most Flash developer’s desks. With ActionScript 3.0, you have unprece-

dented power in building engaging applications and with this reference you have tre-

mendous insight to use that power effectively.

I look forward to seeing what you create and to the next generation of applications

ahead. Keep pushing the boundaries of what’s possible on the Internet to make the

experience more engaging and effective for people around the world, and we will do

our best to continue bringing more expressiveness and power to help you in your

efforts.

—Kevin Lynch

Chief Software Architect, Adobe

San Francisco, 2007

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