isis电路设计与交互模拟软件：简化PCB布局与微控制器系统测试

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ISIS是一款专为电路设计和PCB布局优化而开发的高级工具，其帮助文档PDF版提供了深入的介绍。它旨在解决传统电路设计中的痛点，即在创建PCB布局过程中，尤其是手工绘制原理图常常被视为耗时且繁琐的过程。在自动化程度日益提高的时代，ISIS将组件放置和路径规划的复杂工作自动化，使得设计流程更加高效。该软件经历了超过十二年的研发，积累了丰富的经验和全球用户的实践验证。其独特的架构融合了传统的基于图形的电路模拟技术，以及PROTEUS VSM提供的交互式电路模拟功能。这使得用户能够在同一软件环境中不仅绘制完整的基于微控制器的系统电路，还能进行实时的互动测试，极大地提高了设计效率和灵活性。 ISIS不仅专注于电路设计，还兼顾PCB设计师的需求。用户可以利用这款软件完成设计后，方便地导出设计到生产阶段，例如通过ARES或其他PCB布局软件进行后续制作。这对于教育机构和专业设计师来说，是一个强大的一体化解决方案，能够显著提升设计质量和生产效率。此外，ISIS还提供了一系列针对PCB设计师的功能，如高效的设计工具、标准化的设计规则支持、易于使用的界面，以及对设计文档的清晰管理，确保整个设计过程的无缝衔接。ISIS是一款革命性的设计工具，为电子工程领域带来了革新性的改变，是电子设计人员的理想选择。

Follow-Me Wire Autorouting

After starting to place a wire, the proposed route of the wire will follow the movement of the mouse

orthogonally to the termination point of the wire.

Live Cursor Display

The cursor will change as a visual indicator when wiring to show when a wire can be placed, when a

wire can be terminated and when a wire is being placed.

The basic procedure for placing a wire between two pins is given below, using the connection between

the SCK pin of the memory device and the 100Ohm resistor as an example:

1. Move the mouse over the SCK pin on the memory device - the cursor will change to a green pen.

2. Le click the mouse and then move it to the le unl it is over the pin of the 100 Ohm resistor. The

wire will follow the mouse and the cursor / pen is white during wiring

3. Le click the mouse again to commit the connecon and place the wire.

The procedure for wiring onto an existing wire is almost identical but there are a couple of items to

note:

1. You cannot directly start a connecon from an arbitrary point on a wire; in our example you want to

start the connecons from the pin and terminate them on the wire.

2. When you terminate the connecon on another wire a juncon dot will be placed automacally to

complete the connecon.

If, during a design, you want to make a wire-to-wire connection you must first place a junction dot

on the wire and then wire from the junction dot to the other wire

If you want to adjust a wire after placement (for example, the wire from the SDA pin to the resistor) then

simply right click on the segment you want to move and then either select the ‘Drag Wire’ context

menu option or simply depress the left mouse button and drag to the new location.

Dragging a wire segment

Armed with the above you should now be able to connect up all of the circuitry, so that your schematic

now looks something like the following:

completed circuit block now looks like the following:

Completed block of circuitry

Form more information please visit Terminals in the Online Help.

Power Connecons

ISIS supports a powerful scheme for making power connections implicitly, thus vastly reducing the

number of wires on the schematic. There are three main concepts involved that we will discuss in turn

below.

Hidden Power Pins

Almost all relevant parts in ISIS have their power pins hidden (not visible on the schematic). The crucial

point to remember is that in such cases is that by default the name of the pin denotes the net to which

it will connect.

Form more information please visit Hidden Power Pins in the Online Help.

Power Rail Configuration

The easiest way to manage power nets and connectivity is through the Power Rail Configuration

dialogue form, which is invoked from the Design Menu. If we do this now we can see that we have

three pre-defined power supplies, namely GND, VCC/VDD and VEE. Changing the combo box at the

top we should also see that the GND net is connected to the GND supply and that both the VCC and

the VDD nets are connected to the VCC/VDD supply. It’s worth examining how this happened more

closely:

The GND net is created by connecons to an unlabelled ground terminal.

The VDD net is created by connecons to the power terminal labeled VDD.

The I2C memory has two hidden power pins, VCC and GND, which are assigned to nets bearing their

names.

Managing power nets and power supplies is a very important concept so we’ll experiment a little to re-

inforce the point. Exit the Power Rail Configuration dialogue form, right click on the I2C memory part

and select Edit Properties from the resulting dialogue form. Next, click on the Hidden Pins button at the

right hand side to view the hidden pins and their net assignments.

Editing hidden power pins

Let’s change the power pin to be on net VDD, instead of the default of VCC. If we then exit the dialog

and re-invoke the Power Rail Configuration dialogue and switch to the VDD/VCC power supply we

should see that the VCC net is no longer present (this was the only connection on our schematic so

far).

While we are here and for completeness change the Voltage of the power supply to be 3.3V, which is

actually what we will be using. In PCB Design this is useful only as a reference to ourselves but

actually has significance in the software for simulation purposes.

This exercise, while useful in explaining how to view/change the power nets for individual components,

had no effect on design connectivity. The software is clever enough to assign both the VCC and the

VDD nets to the same supply and the Power Rail Configuration dialogue allows us to configure our

power connectivity at design level.

Returning to the schematic now, edit the VDD terminal (right click, edit properties) and change the

terminal label to ‘MY_POWER_NET’. If you go back to the Power Rail Configuration dialogue you

should see that this is now an unconnected power net (a power net which is not associated with a

power supply).

Signing unconnected nets in the Power Rail Configuration tool

If we were doing this for real, we would now have to select the VSS/VDD power supply and then click

the assign button to map our power net onto the correct supply.

If we had simply removed the label from the power terminal (instead of renaming it), it would have

been designated to the VCC net and again everything would be done for us.

A final point worth noting is that new power supplies are created automatically when you label a

terminal with a voltage. For example, labeling a power terminal +12V would create a +12V supply and

assign the +12V net to the supply automatically. This means again that no action is required by the

user.

In general usage therefore, the software will handle the assignments of power nets to power supplies

and will create new supplies automatically. However, if you need more flexibility (for example, an

analogue ground and a digital ground) then using terminal labels and the Power Rail Configuration

dialogue gives you the control you need. Please see the reference manual for more information if

required.

Let’s change our terminal label back to VDD for consistency before we move on.

Form more information please visit Power Rail Conﬁguraon in the Online Help.

Global Power Nets

Power nets and connections are always global on a given sheet on the schematic. By default, they are

also global to the design. However, if you do have a multi-sheet design and you want separate power

supplies on different sheets you can isolate the supplies by un-checking the Global Power Nets box

(Design Menu - Edit Design Properties dialogue form). This means that you need to explicitly wire

through the sheets on the design but not within a given sheet. It is typically used only for the most

complex of designs and is not relevant for the purposes of this tutorial.

Part Labels and Annotaon

You should see that all the parts you have placed have both a unique reference and a value. The

reference is set by a feature of ISIS called [[Real Time Annotation which can be found on the Tools

Menu and is enabled by default. Basically, when enabled, this feature annotates components as you

place them on the schematic, saving you the time and effort of doing this manually.

You have full control over the position and visibility of part labels – you can change the values, move

the position or hide information that you feel is unnecessary. The discussion below details how to

manipulate part labels on a per component basis.

If you zoom in on any resistor you have placed you will see that ISIS has labelled it with a unique

Reference (e.g ‘R1) and also with a Value (e.g. ‘10k’). You can edit both these fields and their visibility

via the Edit Component dialogue form. Launch this dialogue form now by double clicking the left mouse

button over the resistor (or using one of the alternative methods discussed previously).

Choose to Hide or show references and values

From the resulting dialogue form you can edit both the part name reference and, in this case, the

resistance. Of more interest to us however, is the visibility options (highlighted in the above

screenshot). It can be useful, particularly in densely populated schematics to hide some details

displayed beside the parts – the trade off being that you would then need to edit the part as above to

see it’s reference and value.

At this stage it is worthwhile familiarising yourself with editing components and hiding and showing

references and values.

Some caution is required when changing part references in this manner. If, for example, you

change ‘R1’ to be ‘R2’ then you will have two parts with the same reference on the schematic. This

will cause problems later when netlisting through to ARES. We recommend that in practice novice

users change annotation via the Global Annotator as discussed later in this tutorial.

As well as the ability to hide part labels you can move them to a more convenient place. This is

commonly used where you might want to place a wire over the current position of the label and need to

free up some screen space. We will try this now with the 'R2' and the '10k' labels on the pull up resistor,

moving them across to the other side of the component body.

Start by selecting the resistor. Now point at the label 'R2' and with the left button depressed, drag it to

its new position to the left of the component body. Then do the same with the '10k’ label.

Moving a Component Value

Timesaving Techniques & Block Eding

Armed with all of the basic techniques we can now look at the other blocks of circuitry on the front

sheet of the design, practice what we have covered so far and introduce a couple of new timesaving

techniques. Let’s start by drawing the dsPIC33 block as shown below:

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