OpenStack云计算平台用户指南（Release Version 15.0.0）

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OpenStack 用户指南 OpenStack 是一个开源的云计算平台，为公共和私有云提供了云基础设施解决方案。该平台由一系列相互关联的项目组成，旨在提供一个完整的云计算解决方案。 OpenStack 用户指南旨在指导用户如何在 OpenStack 云中创建和管理资源，并介绍了 OpenStack dashboard 和命令行客户端的使用。 **OpenStack 介绍** OpenStack 是一个开源的云计算平台，提供了一个完整的云基础设施解决方案。该平台由多个项目组成，包括计算、存储、网络和身份验证等组件。 OpenStack 支持多种云部署模式，包括公有云、私有云和混合云。 **OpenStack dashboard** OpenStack dashboard 是一个基于 Web 的用户界面，提供了一个统一的入口点来管理 OpenStack 云中的资源。用户可以通过 dashboard 创建和管理虚拟机、存储卷、网络和其他资源。 OpenStack dashboard 提供了一个直观的用户界面，方便用户快速上手和管理 OpenStack 云中的资源。 **OpenStack 命令行客户端** OpenStack 命令行客户端是 OpenStack 提供的一组命令行工具，允许用户通过命令行界面来管理 OpenStack 云中的资源。这些工具提供了一个强大的方式来自动化 OpenStack 云中的任务和流程。 OpenStack 命令行客户端支持多种操作系统，包括 Linux、Windows 和 macOS。 **OpenStack Python SDK** OpenStack Python SDK 是一个 Python 库，提供了一个编程接口来访问 OpenStack 云中的资源。该库允许开发者创建自定义的应用程序来管理 OpenStack 云中的资源。 OpenStack Python SDK 提供了一个强大的方式来自动化 OpenStack 云中的任务和流程。 **HOT 指南** HOT 指南是 OpenStack 的一个子项目，提供了一个 Heat 编排模板语言来定义云应用程序的架构。 HOT 指南允许用户定义和部署云应用程序，包括虚拟机、存储卷、网络和其他资源。 **OpenStack 命令行接口备忘录** OpenStack 命令行接口备忘录是一个快速参考指南，提供了 OpenStack 命令行客户端的常用命令和选项。该备忘录旨在帮助用户快速上手 OpenStack 命令行客户端，并提供了一个便捷的方式来管理 OpenStack 云中的资源。 **结论** OpenStack 用户指南是一个详细的指导手册，旨在帮助用户快速上手 OpenStack 云中的资源。该指南涵盖了 OpenStack 的基本概念、OpenStack dashboard 和命令行客户端的使用、OpenStack Python SDK 的应用等内容。通过阅读该指南，用户可以快速上手 OpenStack 云中的资源，并开始构建自己的云计算解决方案。

User Guide (Release Version: 15.0.0)

4. Click the Key Pairs tab, which shows the key pairs that are available for this project.

5. Click Import Key Pair.

6. In the Import Key Pair dialog box, enter the name of your key pair, copy the public key into the Public

Key box, and then click Import Key Pair.

7. Save the *.pem file locally.

8. To change its permissions so that only you can read and write to the file, run the following command:

$ chmod 0600 yourPrivateKey.pem

Note: If you are using the Dashboard from a Windows computer, use PuTTYgen to load the *.pem file

and convert and save it as *.ppk. For more information see the WinSCP web page for PuTTYgen.

9. To make the key pair known to SSH, run the ssh-add command.

$ ssh-add yourPrivateKey.pem

The Compute database registers the public key of the key pair.

The Dashboard lists the key pair on the Access & Security tab.

Allocate a floating IP address to an instance

When an instance is created in OpenStack, it is automatically assigned a fixed IP address in the network to

which the instance is assigned. This IP address is permanently associated with the instance until the instance is

terminated.

However, in addition to the fixed IP address, a floating IP address can also be attached to an instance. Unlike

fixed IP addresses, floating IP addresses can have their associations modified at any time, regardless of the state

of the instances involved. This procedure details the reservation of a floating IP address from an existing pool

of addresses and the association of that address with a specific instance.

1. Log in to the dashboard.

2. Select the appropriate project from the drop down menu at the top left.

3. On the Project tab, open the Compute tab and click Access & Security category.

4. Click the Floating IPs tab, which shows the floating IP addresses allocated to instances.

5. Click Allocate IP To Project.

6. Choose the pool from which to pick the IP address.

7. Click Allocate IP.

8. In the Floating IPs list, click Associate.

9. In the Manage Floating IP Associations dialog box, choose the following options:

• The IP Address field is filled automatically, but you can add a new IP address by clicking the +

button.

• In the

Port to be associated

field, select a port from the list.

The list shows all the instances with their fixed IP addresses.

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User Guide (Release Version: 15.0.0)

Boot from image If you choose this option, a new field for Image Name displays. You can select

the image from the list.

Boot from snapshot If you choose this option, a new field for Instance Snapshot displays. You

can select the snapshot from the list.

Boot from volume If you choose this option, a new field for Volume displays. You can select the

volume from the list.

Boot from image (creates a new volume) With this option, you can boot from an image and cre-

ate a volume by entering the Device Size and Device Name for your volume. Click the Delete

Volume on Instance Delete option to delete the volume on deleting the instance.

Boot from volume snapshot (creates a new volume) Using this option, you can boot from a vol-

ume snapshot and create a new volume by choosing Volume Snapshot from a list and adding

a Device Name for your volume. Click the Delete Volume on Instance Delete option to delete

the volume on deleting the instance.

Image Name This field changes based on your previous selection. If you have chosen to launch an

instance using an image, the Image Name field displays. Select the image name from the dropdown

list.

Instance Snapshot This field changes based on your previous selection. If you have chosen to launch

an instance using a snapshot, the Instance Snapshot field displays. Select the snapshot name from

the dropdown list.

Volume This field changes based on your previous selection. If you have chosen to launch an instance

using a volume, the Volume field displays. Select the volume name from the dropdown list. If you

want to delete the volume on instance delete, check the Delete Volume on Instance Delete option.

Flavor tab

Flavor Specify the size of the instance to launch.

Note: The flavor is selected based on the size of the image selected for launching an instance. For

example, while creating an image, if you have entered the value in the Minimum RAM (MB) field

as 2048, then on selecting the image, the default flavor is m1.small.

Networks tab

Selected Networks To add a network to the instance, click the + in the Available field.

Network Ports tab

Ports Activate the ports that you want to assign to the instance.

Security Groups tab

Security Groups Activate the security groups that you want to assign to the instance.

Security groups are a kind of cloud firewall that define which incoming network traffic is forwarded

to instances.

If you have not created any security groups, you can assign only the default security group to the

instance.

Key Pair tab

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User Guide (Release Version: 15.0.0)

Key Pair Specify a key pair.

If the image uses a static root password or a static key set (neither is recommended), you do not

need to provide a key pair to launch the instance.

Configuration tab

Customization Script Source Specify a customization script that runs after your instance launches.

Metadata tab

Available Metadata Add Metadata items to your instance.

6. Click Launch Instance.

The instance starts on a compute node in the cloud.

Note: If you did not provide a key pair, security groups, or rules, users can access the instance only from inside

the cloud through VNC. Even pinging the instance is not possible without an ICMP rule configured.

You can also launch an instance from the Images or Volumes category when you launch an instance from an

image or a volume respectively.

When you launch an instance from an image, OpenStack creates a local copy of the image on the compute node

where the instance starts.

For details on creating images, see Creating images manually in the OpenStack Virtual Machine Image Guide.

When you launch an instance from a volume, note the following steps:

• To select the volume from which to launch, launch an instance from an arbitrary image on the volume.

The arbitrary image that you select does not boot. Instead, it is replaced by the image on the volume that

you choose in the next steps.

To boot a Xen image from a volume, the image you launch in must be the same type, fully virtualized or

paravirtualized, as the one on the volume.

• Select the volume or volume snapshot from which to boot. Enter a device name. Enter vda for KVM

images or xvda for Xen images.

Note: When running QEMU without support for the hardware virtualization, set cpu_mode="none" alongside

virt_type=qemu in /etc/nova/nova-compute.conf to solve the following error:

libvirtError: unsupported configuration: CPU mode 'host-model'

for ``x86_64`` qemu domain on ``x86_64`` host is not supported by hypervisor

Connect to your instance by using SSH

To use SSH to connect to your instance, use the downloaded keypair file.

Note: The user name is ubuntu for the Ubuntu cloud images on TryStack.

1. Copy the IP address for your instance.

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User Guide (Release Version: 15.0.0)

2. Use the ssh command to make a secure connection to the instance. For example:

$ ssh -i MyKey.pem ubuntu@10.0.0.2

3. At the prompt, type yes.

It is also possible to SSH into an instance without an SSH keypair, if the administrator has enabled root password

injection. For more information about root password injection, see Injecting the administrator password in the

OpenStack Administrator Guide.

Track usage for instances

You can track usage for instances for each project. You can track costs per month by showing meters like

number of vCPUs, disks, RAM, and uptime for all your instances.

1. Log in to the dashboard.

2. Select the appropriate project from the drop down menu at the top left.

3. On the Project tab, open the Compute tab and click Overview category.

4. To query the instance usage for a month, select a month and click Submit.

5. To download a summary, click Download CSV Summary.

Create an instance snapshot

1. Log in to the dashboard.

2. Select the appropriate project from the drop down menu at the top left.

3. On the Project tab, open the Compute tab and click the Instances category.

4. Select the instance from which to create a snapshot.

5. In the actions column, click Create Snapshot.

6. In the Create Snapshot dialog box, enter a name for the snapshot, and click Create Snapshot.

The Images category shows the instance snapshot.

To launch an instance from the snapshot, select the snapshot and click Launch. Proceed with launching an

instance.

Manage an instance

1. Log in to the dashboard.

2. Select the appropriate project from the drop down menu at the top left.

3. On the Project tab, open the Compute tab and click Instances category.

4. Select an instance.

5. In the menu list in the actions column, select the state.

You can resize or rebuild an instance. You can also choose to view the instance console log, edit instance

or the security groups. Depending on the current state of the instance, you can pause, resume, suspend,

soft or hard reboot, or terminate it.

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