Node.js实战：构建高性能应用

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"Node.js in Action" Node.js是一种基于Chrome V8引擎的JavaScript运行环境，以其独特的非阻塞、事件驱动的I/O模型而闻名，这使得它在处理数据密集型实时应用程序时表现出轻量级和高效能。Node.js的设计理念在于通过这种方式，能够有效地应对分布式设备上的高并发连接，特别适合构建可扩展且快速的网络应用。在Node.js中，开发者可以使用JavaScript编写服务器端代码，这打破了传统的前端和后端开发的语言隔阂，实现了全栈开发的可能。JavaScript作为客户端脚本语言，开发者对其熟悉度高，因此Node.js能够降低开发者的学习成本，提高开发效率。 Node.js的核心特性包括： 1. **单线程与事件循环**：Node.js使用一个事件循环来处理多个并发请求，而非创建大量线程，这样避免了线程上下文切换的开销，提高了性能。 2. **非阻塞I/O**：Node.js中的I/O操作都是异步的，这意味着当进行I/O操作时，程序不会被阻塞，而是继续执行其他任务，待I/O操作完成后再通过回调函数通知。 3. **模块系统**：Node.js拥有内置的模块系统，允许开发者通过`require`函数导入和导出模块，实现代码的复用和组织。 4. **V8引擎**：使用Google的V8引擎，Node.js能够快速地执行JavaScript代码，提供接近原生的执行速度。 5. **包管理器npm**：Node.js的包管理器npm是最大的开源软件包生态系统，拥有海量的第三方库，覆盖了从数据库连接到Web服务器的各个领域，极大地丰富了开发工具和功能。 Node.js适用于以下场景： 1. **实时应用**：如聊天应用、协作工具等，Node.js的事件驱动机制使得实时交互变得简单。 2. **API服务器**：构建RESTful API，提供数据接口给前端或其他服务。 3. **流式处理**：处理大文件或持续的数据流，Node.js的非阻塞I/O非常适合这类场景。 4. **微服务**：构建小型、独立的服务，Node.js的轻量级特性使其成为构建微服务的理想选择。在《Node.js in Action》这本书中，作者Mike Cantelon、Marc Harter、T.J. Holowaychuk和Nathan Rajlich深入探讨了Node.js的各个方面，包括基础概念、核心特性、模块系统、错误处理、性能优化以及高级话题。Isaac Z. Schlueter的序言则为读者提供了对Node.js社区和生态系统的见解。这本书适合有一定JavaScript基础并希望深入理解Node.js的开发者阅读，通过学习，读者将能够熟练运用Node.js开发高质量的网络应用。

preface

In early 2011, when Manning approached us with the idea of writing a book on

Node.js, the state of the Node community was much different than it is now. The com-

munity was small and, despite the fact that Node was starting to attract a great deal of

interest, Node was still considered a bleeding-edge technology by the mainstream

development community. No books had yet been written about it, and although the

idea of writing a book was daunting, we decided to go for it.

Given our respective development inclinations, we wanted to create a book that

not only focused on the use of Node for web application development, but also

explored other interesting potential uses. We wanted to provide a way for web applica-

tion developers using conventional technologies to harness Node’s vision of bringing

asynchronous development to the server.

We’ve worked for more than two years on the book, and during its writing the tech-

nology has evolved, so we’ve updated the book accordingly. In addition to the technol-

ogy changing, the community has also evolved. It is now much larger, and many

established companies have embraced Node.

For web application developers looking to try something different, this is a great

time to learn Node, and we hope our book helps you learn the technology quickly and

have fun doing so.

Licensed to Zuxu Shi <shizuxu1@gmail.com>

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xvii

I’d also like to thank my partner Malcolm for encouraging me during the book’s cre-

ation and for her patience during the times when writing kept me constantly cooped

up at home. A big thanks, as well, to my parents for bringing me up with a passion for

creativity and exploration, and for putting up with my less-than-balanced childhood

obsession with 8-bit machines. I’d also like to thank my grandparents for gifting me

with the machine that got me hooked, for life, on programming: the Commodore 64.

During the process of writing the book, T.J. and Nathan’s expertise was invaluable

and their good humor much appreciated. I thank them for taking a leap of faith and

agreeing to collaborate. Marc Harter was also a huge help, chipping in on the Hercu-

lean task of editing, proofing, and writing content that tied everything together.

ARC HARTER

Thanks to Ryan Dahl, who inspired me to take a serious look at server-side JavaScript

programming nearly four years ago. Thanks to Ben Noordhuis, an invaluable

resource on the inner workings of Node. Thanks to Bert Bates, who believed in me,

challenged me, and was always willing to help during the writing process. Thanks to

Mike, Nate, and T.J. for welcoming me in at the 11th hour. It was an honor working

with them. Thanks especially to my wife and friend Hannah, whose courage and kind-

ness carried me into and through this new venture.

ATHAN RAJLICH

I would like to start by thanking Guillermo Rauch for taking me in and helping me

find my place in the Node.js community. I would also like to thank David Blickstein

for encouraging me to take on this book project. I thank Ryan Dahl for starting the

Node.js movement, and Isaac Schlueter for doing an excellent job of stewarding this

ship for the last couple for years. Thanks also to my family, my friends, and my girl-

friend for putting up with the sleepless nights and wide range of emotions exhibited

during the process. And of course a huge thanks to my parents for supporting me

throughout the years in my computing endeavors. I wouldn’t be where I am today

without them at my side.

Licensed to Zuxu Shi <shizuxu1@gmail.com>

ABOUT THIS BOOK xix

functionality to web applications. Chapters 8 provides an introduction to the Express

framework, and chapter 9 guides the reader through advanced Express usage.

With the basics of web development covered, part 2 concludes after exploring two

more related topics. Chapter 10 guides the reader through the use of various Node

testing frameworks. Chapter 11 then teaches how templating can be used in Node

web applications to separate presentation of data from logic.

Part 3 moves on to look at things beyond web development that can be done with

Node. Chapter 12 talks about how Node applications can be deployed to production

servers, how uptime can be maintained, and how performance can be maximized.

Chapter 13 explains how non-

HTTP applications can be created, how to use the

Socket.io framework to create real-time applications, and the use of a number of handy

build-in Node

APIs. Chapter 14, the final chapter, discusses how the Node community

works and how Node creations can be published using the Node Package Manager.

Code conventions and downloads

The code in this book follows common JavaScript conventions. Spaces, rather than

tabs, are used for indentation. Lines longer than 80 characters are avoided. In many

listings, the code is annotated to point out key concepts.

A single statement per line is used and semicolons are added at the end of simple

statements. For blocks of code, where one or more statements are enclosed in curly

braces, the left curly brace is placed at the end of the opening line of the block. The

right curly brace is indented so it’s vertically aligned with the opening line of the

block.

Source code for the examples in this book is available for download from the pub-

lisher’s website at www.manning.com/Node.jsinAction.

Author Online

Purchase of Node.js in Action includes free access to a private web forum run by Man-

ning Publications where you can make comments about the book, ask technical ques-

tions, and receive help from the authors and from other users. To access the forum

and subscribe to it, point your web browser to www.manning.com/Node.jsinAction.

This page provides information on how to get on the forum once you’re registered,

what kind of help is available, and the rules of conduct on the forum.

Manning’s commitment to our readers is to provide a venue where a meaningful

dialog between individual readers and between readers and the authors can take

place. It’s not a commitment to any specific amount of participation on the part of the

authors, whose contribution to the forum

remains voluntary (and unpaid). We sug-

gest you try asking the authors some challenging questions lest their interest stray!

The Author Online forum and the archives of previous discussions will be accessi-

ble from the publisher’s website as long as the book is in print.

Licensed to Zuxu Shi <shizuxu1@gmail.com>

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Node.js实战：构建高性能应用

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node in action 代码

Visual Studio Code in Action

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goahead: 2: GET /action/alarmAction?_=1706771229519 HTTP/1.1 *** Error in `./m6ul-webs': free(): invalid pointer: 0x01dccfd0 *** Aborted

vueError: Cannot find module node

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goahead: 2: GET /action/alarmAction?_=1706771229519 HTTP/1.1 * Error in `./m6ul-webs': free(): invalid pointer: 0x01dccfd0 * Aborted