Ka波段波导四阶八路功率分配器/合并器设计

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"这篇研究论文提出了一种基于Ka波段波导的四级八路行波空间功率分配器/组合器，利用行波技术和空间功率合并技术实现高效且低损耗的功率分配。通过双探头对称插入波导宽边的设计，能够在不增加插入损耗的情况下增加功率分配路径。设计过程中采用了图像方法进行简化分析与设计。实测结果显示，在30GHz至40GHz的频率范围内，该功率分配器/组合器的回波损耗低于-15dB，插入损耗不超过1.2dB，显示出了良好的宽带宽和低损耗特性。" 本文主要探讨了微波与射频工程领域中的一个重要组件——功率分配器/组合器。在Ka波段（大约26.5GHz至40GHz）的应用中，这种设备对于信号的高效传输和处理至关重要。传统的功率分配器可能会因为增加功率路径而导致插入损耗增大，影响系统性能。因此，研究人员提出了一种创新设计，即采用行波技术与空间功率合并技术的结合，解决了这一问题。行波技术是利用电磁波在传输线中传播的特性，使得功率可以在整个传输线上均匀分布。在此基础上，论文提出了双探头结构，这种结构对称地插入波导的一个宽边，可以实现功率的加倍分配，同时不增加额外的损耗。这种设计方法显著提高了功率分配的效率，并保持了系统的低损耗特性。为了简化设计过程，研究人员采用了图像方法。这是一种利用镜像原理来分析波导结构中电磁场分布的技术，有助于快速准确地计算和优化设计参数，以达到所需的性能指标。实验部分，功率分配器/组合器被设计、制造并进行了测试。在30GHz至40GHz的宽频带内，该器件表现出卓越的性能，回波损耗低于-15dB，这表明反射信号非常小，信号能量损失少。同时，插入损耗小于1.2dB，这意味着从输入到输出，信号功率的衰减非常小，保持了高功率效率。这项研究为Ka波段通信系统提供了一种新型、高效的功率分配解决方案，对于提高卫星通信、雷达系统以及无线传输等应用的性能具有重要意义。通过巧妙的结构设计和精确的分析方法，该功率分配器/组合器实现了宽频带覆盖和低损耗，为未来微波与射频工程的发展奠定了坚实基础。

A Ka-Band Waveguide-Based Traveling-Wave

Spatial Power Divider/Combiner

Zhi-Yong Kang

, Qing-Xin Chu

1,2

，Qiong -Sen Wu

School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology

Guangzhou, 510640, China

National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Microwave Technology

Xi’an, 710100, China

kang.zy@mail.scut.edu.cn, qxchu@scut.edu.cn

Abstract- A Ka-band waveguide-based four-stage eight-way

power divider/combiner is presented based on the traveling-wave

technique and the spatial power combining technique. The dual-

probe, which are symmetrically inserted in one broadside of the

waveguide, double the power dividing ways without adding the

insertion loss. The method of images is used to simplify the

analysis and design process of the dual-probe structure. The

power divider/combiner is designed, fabricated and measured to

demonstrate its wide bandwidth and low insertion loss

performance. From 30GHz to 40GHz, the measured return loss of

the back-to-back structure is lower than -15dB and the insertion

loss is less than 1.2dB.

I. INTRODUCTION

It is necessary to combine power from multiple devices to

obtain the desired power levels because the output power from

an individual solid-state device is often not enough in

millimeter-wave frequencies [1] [2]. Recent years, a lot of

excellent work has been done in power combining technology

to improve the output power, combining efficiency, and

operation frequency band. Traveling-wave waveguide-based

power divider/combiner, which is coupled power along the

main transmission line, has been widely studied. The traveling-

wave waveguide-based power divider/combiner was first

proposed in [3], where the equivalent circuit and the design

method were presented, and the four-stage X-band dual-coaxial

probes structure was designed. An eight-way traveling-wave

power combiner using a slotted waveguide was proposed at

Ka-band in [4]. The structure had a bandwidth from 31.8GHz

to 35GHz with the combining efficiency of 80%. A planar

compatible traveling-wave power divider/combiner structure at

X-band was presented in [5]. The N=4 structure exhibited the

relative bandwidth of 15% and the power combining efficiency

of approximately 80%.

As an important factor of the power combiner, a lot of work

has been done to improve the combining coefficient [6] [7].

The spatial power diving/combining technique [8]-[10] is

widely studied for the character of low insertion loss. Because

the N-way power dividing/combining is carried out in one step

without adding transmission line, the insertion loss can be very

low, especially in the large number condition.

In this paper, the traveling-wave power dividing/combining

technique and the spatial power dividing/combing technique

are combined to realize the multi-way power divider/ combiner

with high combining coefficient. The proposed four-stage

eight-way power divider/combiner has the character of

wideband operation by canceling reflection at each dividing

stage. In each stage, a pair of micro-strip probes are

symmetrically inserted one broadside of the waveguide. The

dual-probe doubles the coupling ways in the same dividing

stages without adding insertion loss since the transmission line

is not added. To verify its performance, the traveling-wave

spatial power divider/combiner is designed, fabricated and

measured.

Fig.1 The structure of the four-stage dual-probe traveling-wave power

combiner

II. DESIGN APPROACH

The structure of the proposed Ka-band four-stage eight-way

traveling-wave spatial power divider/combiner is shown in

Fig.1. The input power from the waveguide is equally divided

into eight planar probes, which are dual-probe structure

symmetrically along the center line of the broadside of the

waveguide in one stage. Each probe then directs the divided

power into a micro-strip transmission line, whose impedance

match with the active circuit. Then the divided power is

combined in the output waveguide via the same structure.

Considering the symmetric of the dual-probe structure, the

method of images is used to simplify the analysis and design

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