IBM DB2 Universal Database for iSeries SQL Reference V5R3指南

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"DB2 Universal Database for iSeries SQL Reference V5R3" 《DB2 Universal Database for iSeries SQL Reference V5R3》是针对IBM Operations System/400（产品编号5722-SS1）及其后续版本和修改的一份详细指南，特别适用于版本5，发布3，修改0。该文档并不适用于所有精简指令集计算机（RISC）模型或复杂指令集计算机（CISC）模型。这份第六版出版于2005年8月，涵盖了自1998年至2005年的版权信息，并且对于美国政府用户，其使用、复制或披露受到GSA ADP Schedule合同与IBM公司的限制。本书的主要目的是为使用DB2 Universal Database for iSeries的用户提供SQL语言的参考。以下是其核心内容： 1. **关于DB2 UDB for iSeries SQL参考**：这部分介绍了文档的宗旨，强调了它在标准遵从性、适用读者群体以及如何有效利用这本书方面的信息。书中的例子是基于特定假设的，因此在实际应用时需要根据实际情况进行调整。 2. **标准遵从性**：DB2 UDB for iSeries SQL参考遵循了一系列的SQL标准，可能包括SQL-92、SQL-99等。这些标准确保了数据库操作的兼容性和一致性，使得开发者能够编写可移植的代码。 3. **适合阅读人群**：此参考指南主要面向需要在iSeries环境下使用DB2的数据库管理员、系统架构师、开发人员和DBA。无论是初学者还是经验丰富的专业人士，都可以从中学习到如何有效地使用SQL进行数据查询、操作和管理。 4. **如何使用本书**：这部分指导读者如何高效地查阅和理解书中的内容，可能包括如何查找特定的SQL语句、函数或操作，以及如何解决在执行SQL命令时遇到的问题。 5. **假设与示例**：书中提供的示例通常基于一些预设条件，例如数据库结构、数据类型和权限设置。读者需要了解这些假设，以便在自己的环境中正确应用示例。 6. **SQL语法和功能**：书中详细解释了各种SQL命令，如SELECT用于数据查询，INSERT用于数据插入，UPDATE用于更新记录，DELETE用于删除记录，以及JOIN操作用于合并不同表的数据。此外，还可能包含事务处理、存储过程、视图、索引和触发器等相关概念。 7. **性能优化**：DB2 UDB for iSeries SQL参考可能涵盖了一些优化SQL查询性能的方法，包括创建有效的索引、使用合适的查询技巧以及调整数据库配置以提升性能。 8. **错误处理和调试**：书中可能会提供有关识别和解决SQL查询错误的信息，帮助读者诊断和修复问题。通过深入阅读和理解《DB2 Universal Database for iSeries SQL Reference V5R3》，用户可以掌握在iSeries系统上使用DB2进行SQL编程的全面知识，从而更高效地管理和操作数据库。

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v REXX

v RPG III (part of RPG for iSeries)

v Structured Query Language (SQL)

References in this book to RPG and COBOL refer to the RPG or COBOL language in general. References

to COBOL for iSeries, ILE COBOL for iSeries, RPG for iSeries, or RPG III (part of RPG for iSeries) refer to

specific elements of the product where they differ from each other. References in this book to C refer to

the C and C++ languages in general.

This manual is a reference rather than a tutorial. It assumes you are already familiar with SQL

programming. This manual also assumes that you will be writing applications solely for the iSeries

server.

If you need more information about using SQL statements, statement syntax, and parameters, see the

SQL Programming book.

If you are planning applications that are portable to other IBM environments, it will be necessary for you

to refer to the SQL Reference for Cross-Platform Development. This book can be found at

http://www.ibm.com/eserver/iseries/db2.

See the following sections for more details:

v “Assumptions relating to examples of SQL statements”

v “How to read the syntax diagrams” on page xv

How to use this book

This book defines the DB2 UDB SQL language elements for DB2 UDB for iSeries.

Assumptions relating to examples of SQL statements

The examples of SQL statements shown in this guide assume the following:

v SQL keywords are highlighted.

v Table names used in the examples are the sample tables provided in Appendix A of the SQL

Programming book. Table names that are not provided in that appendix should use schemas that you

create. You can create a set of sample tables in your own schema by issuing the following SQL

statement:

CALL QSYS.CREATE_SQL_SAMPLE (’your-schema-name’)

v The SQL naming convention is used.

v For COBOL examples, the APOST and APOSTSQL precompiler options are assumed (although they are

not the default in COBOL). Character-string constants within SQL and host language statements are

delimited by apostrophes (’).

v A sort sequence of *HEX is used.

Whenever

the examples vary from these assumptions, it is stated.

See also “Code disclaimer information.”

Code disclaimer information

This document contains programming examples.

SUBJECT TO ANY STATUTORY WARRANTIES WHICH CANNOT BE EXCLUDED, IBM, ITS

PROGRAM DEVELOPERS AND SUPPLIERS MAKE NO WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS EITHER

EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR

CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND

NON-INFRINGEMENT, REGARDING THE PROGRAM OR TECHNICAL SUPPORT, IF ANY.

xiv DB2 UDB for iSeries SQL Reference V5R3

UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES IS IBM, ITS PROGRAM DEVELOPERS OR SUPPLIERS LIABLE FOR

ANY OF THE FOLLOWING, EVEN IF INFORMED OF THEIR POSSIBILITY:

1. LOSS OF, OR DAMAGE TO, DATA;

2. SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR INDIRECT DAMAGES, OR FOR ANY ECONOMIC CONSEQUENTIAL

DAMAGES; OR

3. LOST PROFITS, BUSINESS, REVENUE, GOODWILL, OR ANTICIPATED SAVINGS.

SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR

CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO SOME OR ALL OF THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS OR EXCLUSIONS

MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

How to read the syntax diagrams

The following rules apply to the syntax diagrams used in this book:

v Read the syntax diagrams from left to right, from top to bottom, following the path of the line.

The ─── symbol indicates the beginning of a statement.

The ─── symbol indicates that the statement syntax is continued on the next line.

The ─── symbol indicates that a statement is continued from the previous line.

The ─── symbol indicates the end of a statement.

Diagrams of syntactical units other than complete statements start with the |─── symbol and end with

the ───| symbol.

v Required items appear on the horizontal line (the main path).

 required_item 

v Optional items appear below the main path.

 required_item

optional_item



If an optional item appears above the main path, that item has no effect on the execution of the

statement and is used only for readability.



required_item

optional_item



v If more than one item can be chosen, they appear vertically, in a stack.

If one of the items must be chosen, one item of the stack appears on the main path.

 required_item required_choice1

required_choice2



If choosing one of the items is optional, the entire stack appears below the main path.

 required_item

optional_choice1

optional_choice2



If one of the items is the default, it will appear above the main path and the remaining choices will be

shown below.

About DB2 UDB for iSeries SQL Reference xv



required_item

default_choice

optional_choice



v An arrow returning to the left, above the main line, indicates an item that can be repeated.



required_item



repeatable_item



If the repeat arrow contains a comma, you must separate repeated items with a comma.



required_item



repeatable_item



A repeat arrow above a stack indicates that you can repeat the items in the stack.

v Keywords appear in uppercase (for example, FROM). They must be spelled exactly as shown. Variables

appear in all lowercase letters (for example, column-name). They represent user-supplied names or

values.

v If punctuation marks, parentheses, arithmetic operators, or other such symbols are shown, you must

enter them as part of the syntax.

v The syntax diagrams only contain the preferred or standard keywords. If non-standard synonyms are

supported in addition to the standard keywords, they are described the Notes sections instead of the

syntax diagrams. For maximum portability, only the preferred or standard keywords should be used.

v Sometimes a single variable represents a larger fragment of the syntax. For example, in the following

diagram, the variable parameter-block represents the whole syntax fragment that is labeled

parameter-block:

 required_item parameter-block 

parameter-block:

parameter1

parameter2

parameter3

parameter4

Conventions used in this book

This section specifies some conventions which are used throughout this manual.

Highlighting conventions

The following conventions are used in this book.

Bold Indicates SQL keywords used in examples and when introducing descriptions involving the

keyword.

Italics Indicates one of the following:

v Variables that represent items from a syntax diagram.

v The introduction of a new term.

v A reference to another source of information.

Highlighting conventions

xvi DB2 UDB for iSeries SQL Reference V5R3

|||||||||||||

|||||||||||||||||||||||

Conventions for describing mixed data values

When mixed data values are shown in the examples, the following conventions apply:

sbcs-string

dbcs-string

shift-out

shift-in

Represents the EBCDIC control character (X’ ’)

Represents a string of zero or more single-byte characters

Represents a string of zero or more double-byte characters

Represents a DBCS apostrophe (EBCDIC X’ ’)

Represents a DBCS G (EBCDIC X’ ’)

427D

42C7

Convention

Meaning

SQL accessibility

IBM is committed to providing interfaces and documentation that are easily accessible to the disabled

community. For general information on IBM’s Accessibility support visit the Accessibility Center at

http://www.ibm.com/able.

SQL accessibility support falls in two main categories.

v iSeries

™

Navigator is graphical user interface to iSeries and DB2 UDB. For information about the

Accessibility features supported in Windows

graphical user interfaces, see Accessibility in the

Windows Help Index.

v Online documentation, online help, and prompted SQL interfaces can be accessed by a Windows

Reader program such as the IBM Home Page Reader. For information on the IBM Home Page Reader

and other tools, visit the Accessibility Center

The

IBM Home Page Reader can be used to access all descriptive text in this book, all articles in the SQL

Information Center, and all SQL messages. Due to the complex nature of SQL syntax diagrams, however,

the reader will skip syntax diagrams. Two alternatives are provided for better ease of use:

v Interactive SQL and Query Manager

Interactive SQL and Query Manager are traditional file interfaces that provide prompting for SQL

statements. These are part of the DB2 UDB Query Manager and SQL Development Kit. For more

information about Interactive SQL and Query Manager, see the SQL Programming and Query Manager

Use

books.

v SQL Assist

SQL Assist is a graphical user interface that provides a prompted interface to SQL statements. This is

part of iSeries Navigator. For more information, see the iSeries Navigator online help and the

Information Center.

Print this topic

To view or download the PDF version of this document, select SQL Reference (about 2572KB).

Saving PDF files

To save a PDF on your workstation for viewing or printing:

1. Right-click the PDF in your browser (right-click the link above).

Highlighting conventions

About DB2 UDB for iSeries SQL Reference xvii

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