Scala编程指南：Dean Wampler与Alex Payne合著

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"《Programming Scala》是一本由Dean Wampler和Alex Payne合著的计算机编程教材，专为Scala编程语言设计。Scala是一种强大的静态类型、面向对象、函数式编程语言，它融合了Java的面向对象特性与Scala的函数式编程风格，旨在提供更简洁、高效且可扩展的编程体验。本书是2009年出版的第一版，版权由Dean Wampler和Alex Payne所有，并受到O'Reilly Media的发行。《Programming Scala》详细介绍了Scala的基础概念，涵盖了变量、数据类型、控制流、类和对象、函数、trait、模式匹配、集合、并发编程、以及高级主题如编译器原理和元编程等。作者们以清晰易懂的方式引导读者深入理解Scala的核心特性，通过实例和实战项目展示如何在实际开发环境中应用这些知识。该书的特点在于它不仅教授编程技巧，还强调了Scala语言的设计哲学和最佳实践，帮助读者掌握如何编写模块化、可维护和高度优化的代码。此外，由于O'Reilly的在线版本也同步更新，读者可以通过安全的在线平台获取最新资料和支持。编辑Mike Loukides参与了这本书的审阅工作，确保内容的专业性和连贯性。生产编辑Sarah Schneider、校对员Sarah Schneider、索引者Ellen Troutman Zaig以及其他专业人员共同完成了这本书的制作过程，包括封面设计、内部设计和插图，保证了书籍的高质量呈现。《Programming Scala》是一本适合Scala初学者和有经验开发者深入学习的权威指南，无论你是希望提升现有技能还是探索新的编程范式，都能在本书中找到有价值的知识。"

Terracotta 384

Hadoop 384

Recap and What’s Next 385

Appendix: References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

xiv | Table of Contents

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Foreword

If there has been a common theme throughout my career as a programmer, it has been

the quest for better abstractions and better tools to support the craft of writing software.

Over the years, I have come to value one trait more than any other: composability. If

one can write code with good composability, it usually means that other traits we soft-

ware developers value—such as orthogonality, loose coupling, and high cohesion—

are already present. It is all connected.

When I discovered Scala some years ago, the thing that made the biggest impression

on me was its composability. Through some very elegant design choices and simple yet

powerful abstractions that were taken from the object-oriented and functional

programming worlds, Martin Odersky has managed to create a language with high

cohesion and orthogonal, deep abstractions that invites composability in all dimensions

of software design. Scala is truly a SCAlable LAnguage that scales with usage, from

scripting all the way up to large-scale enterprise applications and middleware. Scala

was born out of academia, but it has grown into a pragmatic and practical language

that is very much ready for real-world production use.

What excites me most about this book is that it’s so practical. Dean and Alex have done

a fantastic job, not only by explaining the language through interesting discussions and

samples, but also by putting it in the context of the real world. Itʼs written for the

programmer who wants to get things done. I had the pleasure of getting to know Dean

some years ago when we were both part of the aspect-oriented programming com-

munity. Dean holds a rare mix of deep analytical academic thinking and a pragmatic,

get-things-done kind of mentality. Alex, whom I’ve had the pleasure to meet once, is

leading the API team at Twitter, Inc. Alex has played a leading role in moving Twitter’s

code and infrastructure to Scala, making it one on the first companies to successfully

deploy Scala in production.

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Preface

Programming Scala introduces an exciting new language that offers all the benefits of

a modern object model, functional programming, and an advanced type system. Packed

with code examples, this comprehensive book teaches you how to be productive with

Scala quickly, and explains what makes this language ideal for today’s scalable, dis-

tributed, component-based applications that support concurrency and distribution.

You’ll also learn how Scala takes advantage of the advanced Java Virtual Machine as a

platform for programming languages.

Learn more at http://programmingscala.com or at the book’s catalog page.

Welcome to Programming Scala

Programming languages become popular for many reasons. Sometimes, programmers

on a given platform prefer a particular language, or one is institutionalized by a vendor.

Most Mac OS programmers use Objective-C. Most Windows programmers use C++

and .NET languages. Most embedded-systems developers use C and C++.

Sometimes, popularity derived from technical merit gives way to fashion and fanati-

cism. C++, Java, and Ruby have been the objects of fanatical devotion among

programmers.

Sometimes, a language becomes popular because it fits the needs of its era. Java was

initially seen as a perfect fit for browser-based, rich client applications. Smalltalk

captured the essence of object-oriented programming (OOP) as that model of pro-

gramming entered the mainstream.

Today, concurrency, heterogeneity, always-on services, and ever-shrinking develop-

ment schedules are driving interest in functional programming (FP). It appears that the

dominance of object-oriented programming may be over. Mixing paradigms is becom-

ing popular, even necessary.

We gravitated to Scala from other languages because Scala embodies many of the op-

timal qualities we want in a general-purpose programming language for the kinds of

applications we build today: reliable, high-performance, highly concurrent Internet and

enterprise applications.

xvii

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Scala is a multi-paradigm language, supporting both object-oriented and functional

programming approaches. Scala is scalable, suitable for everything from short scripts

up to large-scale, component-based applications. Scala is sophisticated, incorporating

state-of-the-art ideas from the halls of computer science departments worldwide. Yet

Scala is practical. Its creator, Martin Odersky, participated in the development of Java

for years and understands the needs of professional developers.

Both of us were seduced by Scala, by its concise, elegant, and expressive syntax and by

the breadth of tools it put at our disposal. In this book, we strive to demonstrate why

all these qualities make Scala a compelling and indispensable programming language.

If you are an experienced developer who wants a fast, thorough introduction to Scala,

this book is for you. You may be evaluating Scala as a replacement for or complement

to your current languages. Maybe you have already decided to use Scala, and you need

to learn its features and how to use it well. Either way, we hope to illuminate this

powerful language for you in an accessible way.

We assume that you are well versed in object-oriented programming, but we don’t

assume that you have prior exposure to functional programming. We assume that you

are experienced in one or more other programming languages. We draw parallels to

features in Java, C#, Ruby, and other languages. If you know any of these languages,

we’ll point out similar features in Scala, as well as many features that are new.

Whether you come from an object-oriented or functional programming background,

you will see how Scala elegantly combines both paradigms, demonstrating their com-

plementary nature. Based on many examples, you will understand how and when to

apply OOP and FP techniques to many different design problems.

In the end, we hope that you too will be seduced by Scala. Even if Scala does not end

up becoming your day-to-day language, we hope you will gain insights that you can

apply regardless of which language you are using.

Conventions Used in This Book

The following typographical conventions are used in this book:

Italic

Indicates new terms, URLs, email addresses, file names, and file extensions. Many

italicized terms are defined in the Glossary on page 393.

Constant width

Used for program listings, as well as within paragraphs to refer to program elements

such as variable or function names, databases, data types, environment variables,

statements, and keywords.

Constant width bold

Shows commands or other text that should be typed literally by the user.

xviii | Preface

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