SD卡规范2.0详解

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"SD2.0规范，即SD卡规范2.0版本，是SD卡协会（SD Card Association）发布的一项标准，由松下电器（现为松下集团）、SanDisk公司和东芝公司共同制定的技术委员会负责。该规范主要关注SD卡的物理层设计，详细定义了SD卡在2.0版本中的电气、机械、功能和协议要求。这份文档的修订历史显示，物理层简化规范从1.10版升级到2.00版，可能包含了性能提升、新功能支持或兼容性改进等内容。" SD2.0规范是SD卡技术发展的一个重要里程碑，它为SD卡设定了更高的性能标准和更广泛的应用范围。以下是SD2.0规范中的核心知识点： 1. **速度等级**：SD2.0引入了新的速度等级系统，如Class 2、Class 4、Class 6和Class 10，分别代表最低连续写入速度为2MB/s、4MB/s、6MB/s和10MB/s。这确保了SD卡在高清视频录制和其他高数据速率应用中的性能。 2. **UHS（Ultra High Speed）接口**：SD2.0规范中包含了UHS-I接口，提供了更高的数据传输速度。UHS-I支持两种数据传输模式，V1.0和V2.0，其中V1.0可达到480MB/s，而V2.0通过双数据线可达960MB/s。 3. **容量扩展**：随着技术的发展，SD2.0规范允许SD卡的存储容量大幅增加，支持SDHC（High Capacity）和SDXC（eXtended Capacity）卡，最高可达2TB。 4. **兼容性**：尽管增加了新的功能和性能，SD2.0规范仍然保持对旧版SD卡的兼容性，以确保设备能够识别和使用不同版本的SD卡。 5. **错误纠正**：SD2.0规范可能加强了错误纠正机制，如使用更强的CRC（循环冗余校验）和ECC（错误校正码），以提高数据的可靠性和完整性。 6. **电源管理**：规范可能包括了更高效的电源管理策略，以延长便携式设备的电池寿命。 7. **安全特性**：SD2.0可能增加了安全功能，如版权保护技术，以防止非法复制和分发受保护的内容。 8. **应用领域**：随着性能的提升，SD2.0卡被广泛应用于高清摄像机、数字单反相机、移动设备、个人电脑和其他需要高速数据存储和交换的设备中。这些知识点展示了SD2.0规范如何推动了存储技术的进步，为消费者和企业提供了更快、更可靠的数据存储解决方案。SD2.0的实施对于整个数字媒体行业来说具有重大意义，因为它促进了高清内容的创建、存储和传输。

Physical Layer Simplified Specification Version 2.00

3. SD Memory Card System Concept

Description here is a blank for the Simplified Specification.

3.1 Read-Write Property

In terms of read-write property, two types of SD Memory Cards are defined:

• Read/Write (RW) cards (Flash, One Time Programmable - OTP, Multiple Time Programmable -

MTP). These cards are typically sold as blank (empty) media and are used for mass data storage,

end user video, audio or digital image recording

• Read Only Memory (ROM) cards. These cards are manufactured with fixed data content. They are

typically used as a distribution media for software, audio, video etc.

3.2 Supply Voltage

In terms of operating supply voltage, two types of SD Memory Cards are defined:

• High Voltage SD Memory Cards that can operate within the voltage range of 2.7-3.6 V.

• Dual Voltage SD Memory Cards –Dual Voltage SD Memory Cards that can operate within the

voltage range of Low Voltage Range (T.B.D) and 2.7-3.6 V.

Note that details of Dual Voltage SD Memory Card will be defined in future specification.

3.3 Card Capacity

In terms of capacity, two types of SD Memory Cards are defined:

• Standard Capacity SD Memory Cards supports capacity up to and including 2 G bytes (2

bytes).

All versions of the Physical Specifications define the Standard Capacity SD Memory Card.

• High Capacity SD Memory Cards supports capacity more than 2 G bytes (2

bytes) and this version

of specification limits capacity up to and including 32 GB. High Capacity SD Memory Card is newly

defined from the Physical Layer Specification Version 2.00.

Only hosts that are compliant to the Physical Layer Specification version 2.00 or higher and the SD File

System Specification Ver2.00 can access High Capacity SD Memory Cards. Other hosts fail to initialize

High Capacity SD Memory Cards (See Figure 3-1).

Note:

1. The Part 1 Physical Layer Specification Version 2.00 and Part 2 File System Specification

Version 2.00 allow Standard Capacity SD Memory Cards to have capacity up to and

including 2 GB and High Capacity SD Memory Cards to have capacity up to and including

32 GB. SD Memory Cards with a capacity greater than 32 GB will be available with updated

versions of Part 1 and Part 2 Specifications.

2. Hosts that can access (read and/or write) SD Memory Cards with a capacity greater than 2

GB and up to and including 32 GB, shall also be able to access SD Memory Cards with a

capacity of 2 GB or less.

Physical Layer Simplified Specification Version 2.00

3.5 Bus Topology

This section is a blank for the Simplified Specification.

3.6 Bus Protocol

3.6.1 SD Bus

Communication over the SD bus is based on command and data bit streams that are initiated by a start

bit and terminated by a stop bit.

• Command: a command is a token that starts an operation. A command is sent from the host either

to a single card (addressed command) or to all connected cards (broadcast command). A command

is transferred serially on the CMD line.

• Response: a response is a token that is sent from an addressed card, or (synchronously) from all

connected cards, to the host as an answer to a previously received command. A response is

transferred serially on the CMD line.

• Data: data can be transferred from the card to the host or vice versa. Data is transferred via the

data lines.

Figure 3-2: “no response” and “no data” Operations

Card addressing is implemented using a session address, assigned to the card during the initialization

phase. The structure of commands, responses and data blocks is described in Chapter 4. The basic

transaction on the SD bus is the command/response transaction (refer to Figure 3-2). This type of bus

transaction transfers their information directly within the command or response structure. In addition,

some operations have a data token.

Data transfers to/from the SD Memory Card are done in blocks. Data blocks are always succeeded by

CRC bits. Single and multiple block operations are defined. Note that the Multiple Block operation mode

is better for faster write operation. A multiple block transmission is terminated when a stop command

follows on the CMD line. Data transfer can be configured by the host to use single or multiple data lines.

command response

block read operation

data stop operation

CMD

DAT

from

host

to card

stop command

stops data transfer

data from card

to host

from

card

to host

data block crc

data block crc data block crc

multiple block read operation

Figure 3-3: (Multiple) Block Read Operation

The block write operation uses a simple busy signaling of the write operation duration on the DAT0 data

line (see Figure 3-4) regardless of the number of data lines used for transferring the data.

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