Vim 7.2 用户手册：编辑与高效操作指南

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"Vim version 7.2 英文手册" Vim是一款强大的文本编辑器，版本7.2的手册提供了全面的用户指南，适用于初学者和经验丰富的用户。手册的最后更新日期为2006年4月24日，以A4页面大小编排。这份文档的主要目的是帮助用户理解和掌握Vim的各种功能和操作。 **Vim用户手册概览** 手册由Bram Moolenaar编写，包含了一系列独立的主题，每个主题对应一个单独的文件，如`usr_01.txt`到`usr_32.txt`。手册分为多个部分，旨在逐步引导用户从基础操作到高级技巧。 **入门指南** 1. **关于手册** (`usr_01.txt`)：介绍Vim的手册结构，包括各种文档类型和用途。 2. **Vim的第一步** (`usr_02.txt`)：讲解如何启动Vim，基本的界面认知和模式切换（普通模式、插入模式和命令行模式）。 3. **移动光标** (`usr_03.txt`)：教授在文本中移动光标的快捷键，如 hjkl 键进行上下左右移动。 4. **做小修改** (`usr_04.txt`)：介绍插入、删除、复制和粘贴文本的基本操作。 5. **设置你的偏好** (`usr_05.txt`)：讲解如何设置Vim的配置选项，以适应个人习惯。 **编辑效率提升** 1. **快速输入命令行命令** (`usr_20.txt`)：教授如何高效地在命令行模式下输入命令。 2. **离开与返回** (`usr_21.txt`)：学习离开Vim并重新打开编辑的文件。 3. **寻找要编辑的文件** (`usr_22.txt`)：介绍在Vim中查找和打开文件的方法。 4. **编辑其他文件** (`usr_23.txt`)：讲解如何处理多个文件的编辑任务。 5. **快速插入** (`usr_24.txt`)：提供插入文本的快捷方法，如使用可视模式。 6. **编辑格式化文本** (`usr_25.txt`)：指导如何在Vim中处理有格式的文本，如对齐和缩进。 7. **重复操作** (`usr_26.txt`)：利用.`(dot) 命令重复上一次操作。 8. **搜索命令与模式** (`usr_27.txt`)：学习正则表达式和搜索/替换命令。 9. **折叠代码** (`usr_28.txt`)：使用代码折叠功能来管理复杂的代码结构。 10. **浏览程序** (`usr_29.txt`)：讲解如何通过跳转和导航功能在大型代码文件中移动。 11. **编辑程序** (`usr_30.txt`)：针对编程特定的编辑技巧，如语法高亮和自动补全。 12. **利用GUI** (`usr_31.txt`)：如果使用图形界面，介绍相关功能和快捷方式。 13. **撤销树** (`usr_32.txt`)：利用Vim的撤销机制来管理编辑历史。 **其他重要主题** **恢复与故障排除** 1. **从崩溃中恢复** (`usr_11.txt`)：如何在Vim意外关闭后恢复未保存的工作。 **巧妙技巧** 1. **聪明的技巧** (`usr_12.txt`)：分享一些提高编辑效率的实用技巧和窍门。 Vim版本7.2的手册不仅涵盖了基础操作，还深入探讨了高级编辑技巧和优化工作流程的方法，是学习和提升Vim技能的重要资源。通过这份手册，用户可以逐步成长为Vim的熟练使用者，充分利用其强大功能。

usr_doc.txt Page 16

:help E37

Summary: *help−summary* >

:help

< Gives you very general help. Scroll down to see a list of all

helpfiles, including those added locally (i.e. not distributed

with Vim). >

:help user−toc.txt

< Table of contents of the User Manual. >

:help :subject

< Ex−command "subject", for instance the following: >

:help :help

< Help on getting help. >

:help abc

< normal−mode command "abc". >

:help CTRL−B

< Control key <C−B> in Normal mode. >

:help i_abc

:help i_CTRL−B

< The same in Insert mode. >

:help v_abc

:help v_CTRL−B

< The same in Visual mode. >

:help c_abc

:help c_CTRL−B

< The same in Command−line mode. >

:help 'subject'

< Option 'subject'. >

:help subject()

< Function "subject". >

:help −subject

< Command−line option "−subject". >

:help +subject

< Compile−time feature "+subject'. >

:help EventName

< Autocommand event "EventName". >

:help digraphs.txt

< The top of the helpfile "digraph.txt".

Similarly for any other helpfile. >

:help pattern<Tab>

< Find a help tag starting with "pattern". Repeat <Tab> for

others. >

:help pattern<Ctrl−D>

< See all possible help tag matches "pattern" at once. >

:helpgrep pattern

< Search the whole text of all help files for pattern "pattern".

Jumps to the first match. Jump to other matches with: >

:cn

< next match >

:cprev

:cN

< previous match >

:cfirst

:clast

< first or last match >

:copen

:cclose

< open/close the quickfix window; press <Enter> to jump

to the item under the cursor

==============================================================================

Next chapter: |usr_03.txt| Moving around

usr_doc.txt Page 17

*usr_03.txt* For Vim version 7.2. Last change: 2006 Jun 21

VIM USER MANUAL − by Bram Moolenaar

Moving around

Before you can insert or delete text the cursor has to be moved to the right

place. Vim has a large number of commands to position the cursor. This

chapter shows you how to use the most important ones. You can find a list of

these commands below |Q_lr|.

|03.1| Word movement

|03.2| Moving to the start or end of a line

|03.3| Moving to a character

|03.4| Matching a parenthesis

|03.5| Moving to a specific line

|03.6| Telling where you are

|03.7| Scrolling around

|03.8| Simple searches

|03.9| Simple search patterns

|03.10| Using marks

Next chapter: |usr_04.txt| Making small changes

Previous chapter: |usr_02.txt| The first steps in Vim

Table of contents: |usr_toc.txt|

==============================================================================

*03.1* Word movement

To move the cursor forward one word, use the "w" command. Like most Vim

commands, you can use a numeric prefix to move past multiple words. For

example, "3w" moves three words. This figure shows how it works:

This is a line with example text ~

−−−>−−>−>−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−>

w w w 3w

Notice that "w" moves to the start of the next word if it already is at the

start of a word.

The "b" command moves backward to the start of the previous word:

This is a line with example text ~

<−−−−<−−<−<−−−−−−−−−<−−−

b b b 2b b

There is also the "e" command that moves to the next end of a word and "ge",

which moves to the previous end of a word:

This is a line with example text ~

<− <−−− −−−−−> −−−−>

ge ge e e

If you are at the last word of a line, the "w" command will take you to the

first word in the next line. Thus you can use this to move through a

paragraph, much faster than using "l". "b" does the same in the other

direction.

A word ends at a non−word character, such as a ".", "−" or ")". To change

what Vim considers to be a word, see the 'iskeyword' option.

It is also possible to move by white−space separated WORDs. This is not a

word in the normal sense, that's why the uppercase is used. The commands for

moving by WORDs are also uppercase, as this figure shows:

ge b w e

<− <− −−−> −−−>

This is−a line, with special/separated/words (and some more). ~

<−−−−− <−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−> −−−−−>

gE B W E

usr_doc.txt Page 18

With this mix of lowercase and uppercase commands, you can quickly move

forward and backward through a paragraph.

==============================================================================

*03.2* Moving to the start or end of a line

The "$" command moves the cursor to the end of a line. If your keyboard has

an <End> key it will do the same thing.

The "^" command moves to the first non−blank character of the line. The "0"

command (zero) moves to the very first character of the line. The <Home> key

does the same thing. In a picture:

<−−−−−−−−−−−−

.....This is a line with example text ~

<−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−>

0 $

(the "....." indicates blanks here)

The "$" command takes a count, like most movement commands. But moving to

the end of the line several times doesn't make sense. Therefore it causes the

editor to move to the end of another line. For example, "1$" moves you to

the end of the first line (the one you're on), "2$" to the end of the next

line, and so on.

The "0" command doesn't take a count argument, because the "0" would be

part of the count. Unexpectedly, using a count with "^" doesn't have any

effect.

==============================================================================

*03.3* Moving to a character

One of the most useful movement commands is the single−character search

command. The command "fx" searches forward in the line for the single

character x. Hint: "f" stands for "Find".

For example, you are at the beginning of the following line. Suppose you

want to go to the h of human. Just execute the command "fh" and the cursor

will be positioned over the h:

To err is human. To really foul up you need a computer. ~

−−−−−−−−−−>−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−>

fh fy

This also shows that the command "fy" moves to the end of the word really.

You can specify a count; therefore, you can go to the "l" of "foul" with

"3fl":

To err is human. To really foul up you need a computer. ~

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−>

3fl

The "F" command searches to the left:

To err is human. To really foul up you need a computer. ~

<−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−

The "tx" command works like the "fx" command, except it stops one character

before the searched character. Hint: "t" stands for "To". The backward

version of this command is "Tx".

To err is human. To really foul up you need a computer. ~

<−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−>

Th tn

These four commands can be repeated with ";". "," repeats in the other

direction. The cursor is never moved to another line. Not even when the

sentence continues.

Sometimes you will start a search, only to realize that you have typed the

usr_doc.txt Page 19

wrong command. You type "f" to search backward, for example, only to realize

that you really meant "F". To abort a search, press <Esc>. So "f<Esc>" is an

aborted forward search and doesn't do anything. Note: <Esc> cancels most

operations, not just searches.

==============================================================================

*03.4* Matching a parenthesis

When writing a program you often end up with nested () constructs. Then the

"%" command is very handy: It moves to the matching paren. If the cursor is

on a "(" it will move to the matching ")". If it's on a ")" it will move to

the matching "(".

<−−−−−>

if (a == (b * c) / d) ~

<−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−>

This also works for [] and {} pairs. (This can be defined with the

'matchpairs' option.)

When the cursor is not on a useful character, "%" will search forward to find

one. Thus if the cursor is at the start of the line of the previous example,

"%" will search forward and find the first "(". Then it moves to its match:

if (a == (b * c) / d) ~

−−−+−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−>

==============================================================================

*03.5* Moving to a specific line

If you are a C or C++ programmer, you are familiar with error messages such as

the following:

prog.c:33: j undeclared (first use in this function) ~

This tells you that you might want to fix something on line 33. So how do you

find line 33? One way is to do "9999k" to go to the top of the file and "32j"

to go down thirty two lines. It is not a good way, but it works. A much

better way of doing things is to use the "G" command. With a count, this

command positions you at the given line number. For example, "33G" puts you

on line 33. (For a better way of going through a compiler's error list, see

|usr_30.txt|, for information on the :make command.)

With no argument, "G" positions you at the end of the file. A quick way to

go to the start of a file use "gg". "1G" will do the same, but is a tiny bit

more typing.

| first line of a file ^

| text text text text |

| text text text text | gg

7G | text text text text |

| text text text text

V text text text text |

text text text text | G

text text text text |

last line of a file V

Another way to move to a line is using the "%" command with a count. For

example "50%" moves you to halfway the file. "90%" goes to near the end.

The previous assumes that you want to move to a line in the file, no matter if

it's currently visible or not. What if you want to move to one of the lines

you can see? This figure shows the three commands you can use:

+−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−+

H −−> | text sample text |

| sample text |

| text sample text |

usr_doc.txt Page 20

| sample text |

M −−> | text sample text |

| sample text |

| text sample text |

| sample text |

L −−> | text sample text |

+−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−+

Hints: "H" stands for Home, "M" for Middle and "L" for Last.

==============================================================================

*03.6* Telling where you are

To see where you are in a file, there are three ways:

1. Use the CTRL−G command. You get a message like this (assuming the 'ruler'

option is off):

"usr_03.txt" line 233 of 650 −−35%−− col 45−52 ~

This shows the name of the file you are editing, the line number where the

cursor is, the total number of lines, the percentage of the way through

the file and the column of the cursor.

Sometimes you will see a split column number. For example, "col 2−9".

This indicates that the cursor is positioned on the second character, but

because character one is a tab, occupying eight spaces worth of columns,

the screen column is 9.

2. Set the 'number' option. This will display a line number in front of

every line: >

:set number

To switch this off again: >

:set nonumber

Since 'number' is a boolean option, prepending "no" to its name has the

effect of switching it off. A boolean option has only these two values,

it is either on or off.

Vim has many options. Besides the boolean ones there are options with

a numerical value and string options. You will see examples of this where

they are used.

3. Set the 'ruler' option. This will display the cursor position in the

lower right corner of the Vim window: >

:set ruler

Using the 'ruler' option has the advantage that it doesn't take much room,

thus there is more space for your text.

==============================================================================

*03.7* Scrolling around

The CTRL−U command scrolls down half a screen of text. Think of looking

through a viewing window at the text and moving this window up by half the

height of the window. Thus the window moves up over the text, which is

backward in the file. Don't worry if you have a little trouble remembering

which end is up. Most users have the same problem.

The CTRL−D command moves the viewing window down half a screen in the file,

thus scrolls the text up half a screen.

+−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−+

| some text |

+−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−+ | some text |

| some text | CTRL−U −−> | |

| | | 123456 |

| 123456 | +−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−+

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