Copyright SonarSource S.A., 2021, Switzerland. All content is copyright protected.
An illustration of the problem
It is useful to begin the discussion of Cognitive Complexity with an example of the problem it
is designed to address. The two following methods have equal Cyclomatic Complexity, but
are strikingly different in terms of understandability.
int sumOfPrimes(int max) { // +1
int total = 0;
OUT: for (int i = 1; i <= max; ++i) { // +1
for (int j = 2; j < i; ++j) { // +1
if (i % j == 0) { // +1
continue OUT;
}
}
total += i;
}
return total;
} // Cyclomatic Complexity 4
String getWords(int number) { // +1
switch (number) {
case 1: // +1
return "one";
case 2: // +1
return "a couple";
case 3: // +1
return “a few”;
default:
return "lots";
}
} // Cyclomatic Complexity 4
The mathematical model underlying Cyclomatic Complexity gives these two methods equal
weight, yet it is intuitivel
y obvious that the control flow of sumOfPrimes is more difficult to
understand than that of getWords. This is why Cognitive Complexity abandons the use of
mathematical models for assessing control flow in favor of a set of simple rules for turning
programmer intuition into numbers.
Basic criteria and methodology
A Cognitive Complexity score is assessed according to three basic rules:
1. Ignore structures that a
llow multiple statements to be readably shorthanded into one
2. Increment (add one) for each break in the linear flow of the code
3. Increment when flow-breaking structures are nested
Additionally, a complexity score is made up of four different types of increments:
A. Nesting - assessed for nesting control flow structures inside each other
B. Structural - assessed on control flow structures that are subject to
a nesting
increment, and that increase the nesting count
C. Fundamental - assessed on statements not subject to a nesting increment
D. Hybrid - assessed on control flow structures that are not subject to a nesting
increment, but which do increase the nesting count
Copyright SonarSource S.A., 2016-2021, Switzerland. All content is copyright protected.
- 4 -
Cognitive Complexity - a new way of measuring understandability
5
Copyright SonarSource S.A. 2016 - 2021, Switzerland. All content is copyright protected.
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