公交规划与运营理论实践全书：Ceder经典之作

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《公共交通规划与运营理论：模型与实践》是一本由Avishai (Avi) Ceder所撰写的经典著作，主要聚焦于公交领域的理论研究与实际操作。本书是Butterworth-Heinemann出版社出版的Elsevier系列图书之一，涵盖了公共 transit（公共交通）规划和运营管理的核心内容。作者在以色列特拉维夫的Technion-以色列理工学院的交通研究所以及其在 Civil and Environmental Faculty（土木与环境科学系）的身份，对公共交通系统进行了深入剖析。本书的预览部分强调了版权信息，声明了根据1988年的英国版权、设计和专利法，Avishai (Avi) Ceder有权被识别为该作品的作者。未经书面许可，任何形式的复制、存储、检索或传输都必须得到作者的预先授权。书中的理论模型和实践经验对于公共交通专业人士具有重要的参考价值，包括但不限于线路规划、乘客需求分析、调度优化、服务质量提升、成本效益评估等核心议题。读者可以预期在书中找到关于如何通过系统化的理论框架来解决实际运营问题的方法论，以及针对不同城市和环境的具体案例研究。书中可能涉及的内容可能包括： 1. **理论基础** - 公共交通系统的经济学原理、网络规划理论、乘客行为分析、运输需求预测等。 2. **模型构建** - 如四阶段法（四阶段交通需求分析）、线性规划模型在路线选择和资源配置中的应用。 3. **运营管理** - 实时调度算法、车辆分配策略、乘客信息系统的实施及其影响。 4. **案例研究** - 描述全球各地成功的公共交通改革案例，展示如何将理论应用于实践并取得成果。 5. **政策与实践结合** - 探讨政策制定者如何通过有效的规划和运营改进来提高公共交通系统的效率和吸引力。 6. **可持续性与环保** - 包括绿色出行、节能减排措施和低碳公共交通方案的设计。《公共交通规划与运营理论：模型与实践》是一本全面而实用的指南，适合公共交通决策者、规划师、工程师以及学者深入理解并改进当前公共交通体系。通过对理论知识的掌握和具体案例的分析，读者将能够提升对公共交通行业的洞察能力和操作技能。

A major goal of this book is to establish a bridge between the world of practitioners and the

world of research and academia for the purpose of narrowing the gap between these two

worlds. I hope that such a bridge will also lead to opportunities for collaboration and interac-

tion in order to improve public transit service and, no less important, its image. Henry Ford

once said: “Failure is only the opportunity to start all over again more intelligently.” With this

in mind, the book intends to introduce a few new ways of thinking about: (a) already imple-

mented and investigated transit themes, while combining retro-perspective thoughts and

cumulative experience; and (b) new concepts and ideas.

One of the main features of the book is its stand-alone (self-contained) capability, obviat-

ing the need to look back and forth at other publications for comprehending the text. At the

same time, every chapter contains a literature review and a further reading list. Practitioners

may have some difficulty in comprehending the sections with math-ematical notation, but

hopefully they can grasp the substance of the material and its practical implications.

Researchers and academic professionals may find some of the sections unnecessarily

detailed, but they should be aware that the book is also aimed at practitioners and undergrad-

uate students, thus requiring more explanation. In summary, this work follows the notion

that: (1) it is better to ask twice than to lose your way once; and (2) clarity is no less impor-

tant than certainty.

Organization

Each chapter opens with a section containing information and remarks for practitioners,

called ‘Practitioner’s Corner’. In fact, one can never tell which way the train went by looking

at the track: for a practical decision, one needs more information. The purpose of these

Corners is to impart guidance about sections of the chapter that are appropriate and sections

that are perhaps too difficult for practitioners, thus allowing the less academically inclined to

flow with the book and capture its substance.

The organization of the book is described in Chapter 1. Generally speaking, five groups

of themes are addressed:

1. Overview of transit planning and data collection needs (Chapters 1 and 2).

2. Design and optimization of transit timetables, and of vehicle and crew scheduling

(Chapters 3–10).

3. Passenger demand and assignment analysis (Chapters 11 and 12).

4. Transit service, network and route design, encompassing scheduling elements

(Chapters 13–16).

5. Transit reliability and future operations planning developments (Chapters 17

and 18).

All the quantitative chapters offer exercises for practising the methods covered; of the

book’s 18 chapters, only Chapters 1, 2 and 18 are without exercises. The answers to these

exercises appear at the end of the book.

The literature review of papers relevant to the topic(s) covered in a chapter appears as the

last numbered section of each chapter, except for Chapters 1 and 8 (the review for which actu-

ally precedes it, in Chapter 7). The reason for this order – instead of the traditional pattern of

Preface xv

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starting a scientific article with a literature review, is to focus on each chapter’s essence from

the beginning, and only at the end to give the reader who may wish to broaden his or her knowl-

edge of the particular topic, a kind of annotated reference list and an extended bibliography.

Website and remarks

The success of a professional book can be evaluated by the extent to which it succeeds in

introducing new and improved ideas and methods. It is not only a matter of learning the

book’s content; it has to do, as well, with how much the volume can inspire the reader’s

imagination to think further. This concept has served as the guideline for the development

of this book.

Indeed, the process of writing this book motivated the formulation of an interactive-software

program, which may be found at this website: www.altdoit.com. This site (instead of the

publisher attaching a CD) provides a highly informative graphical technique with which it

is simple to interact. The user can interject practical suggestions, whose effects on the vehicle’s

schedule are immediately described. This useful tool, which relates more specifically to

Chapters 7–9 and Chapters 12–15, will also assist the reader in solving some of the exercises

and practical problems outlined in those chapters.

Finally, when lecturing this transit course, I tended to use humour at times because I

believe in the insight captured by the English playwright George Bernard Shaw, who once

said: “When a thing is funny, search it carefully for a hidden truth.” More than once I have

been asked to employ some of this humour (including the cartoons that I have also drawn) if

I ever wrote a book. I have done this to some extent, especially in the Practitioner’s Corners.

Acknowledgements

Many people have contributed to this book through their constructive feedback and encour-

agement. My views and understanding of the importance of public transit planning, service,

and operations greatly benefited from my discussions with Professor Nigel Wilson of the

MIT, with whom I annually shared the teaching of a summer course on the subject at MIT

for 22 years.

I would like to acknowledge and thank Professor Hai Yang of the Hong Kong University of

Science and Technology for his course material, including exercises on demand modelling in

public transit (from which some of the exercises in Chapter 11 were drawn); Professors Yoram

Shiftan and Shlomo Bekhor of the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology for their comments

on demand modelling and transit assignment; Dr Yechezkel (Hezi) Israeli, who was my PhD

student, for his contribution and remarks on transit-route modelling; the majority of Chapter

14 and part of Chapter 12 are based on his dissertation; and Moshe Flam for his contribution to

future transit developments in Chapter 18. My appreciation to Yaron Hollander, a doctoral stu-

dent at the University of Leeds, who contributed to the literature review of this book; and to my

PhD student, Yuval Hadas of the Technion, whose thesis supported part of the last chapter of

the book. Many thanks are also due to my Master’s degree students, Shirin Azzam, Gali Israel

and Shai Jerby, for their useful work and comments on the subjects of Chapters 9, 13 and 16,

xvi Preface

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