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首页质量属性驱动的软件架构设计:以SCES系统为例
本文主要探讨了"面向质量属性驱动的软件架构设计方法",针对软件密集型系统中的关键因素——软件体系结构,其在系统成功与失败中的影响力不可忽视。作者Payel Bajpayee和Hassan Reza,来自美国北达科他大学计算机科学系,针对基于Web的系统——学生和课程评估系统(SCES),提出了一个创新的方法论。 该研究方法首先强调了软件体系结构在评估关键质量属性方面的重要性。质量属性,如可扩展性、可靠性和安全性等,是衡量软件性能和用户体验的重要维度。通过深入研究这些属性,研究人员试图找出能够适应SCES需求的理想软件架构。他们采用了一种量化和定性的评估方法,将质量属性与不同的架构策略进行对比,比如模块化、分层设计等建筑风格。 文章中提到的"建筑战术"(Architectural Tactics)是一种策略工具,它具体描述了如何在架构中实施质量属性,例如如何设计模块间的接口以提高可维护性,或者如何利用冗余机制增强系统的可靠性。通过对比不同战术在实现特定质量属性上的效果,研究人员可以找到最能满足SCES需求的软件架构。 在2017年发表于《软件工程与应用》期刊的一篇文章中,作者详细阐述了这种方法的具体步骤和案例分析,包括对质量属性场景的构建,以及对各种架构选项的性能评估。该研究不仅提供了理论依据,也为实际项目中软件体系结构的设计和优化提供了实用指导。通过选择最佳的软件体系结构,SCES项目的整体质量和性能得以提升,从而确保系统的稳定运行和用户满意度。 这篇文章对于IT专业人士来说,是一篇深入理解质量属性在软件架构设计中重要角色的关键参考资料,它展示了如何将质量属性融入到软件体系结构决策中,以适应不断变化的需求和技术环境。
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P. Bajpayee, H. Reza
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business concerns, and meeting the required cost and scheduling, optimal use of
manpower, and so on. Having a structured method helps to ensure questioning
in the initial requirement and design stages when discovered problems can be
solved in an inexpensive manner. It guides users about the method—the stake-
holders—to look for conflicts in the requirements and for resolutions of these
conflicts in the software architecture. In realizing the method, assumption is that
attribute-specific analyses are interdependent, and that each quality attribute has
connections with other attributes, through specific architectural elements. An
architectural element is a component, a property of the component, or a prop-
erty of the relationship between components that affects some quality attribute.
For example, the priority of a process is an architectural element that could af-
fect performance. The tradeoff analysis, often regarded as trade off points, helps
to identify these interdependencies [3].
Among the myriad of Student Management Systems available, most are
based on client server architecture and a few on cloud computing for easier sto-
rage and manipulation of data. In addition to understanding the demand of the
educational system, the analytical study also provides a better perspective of the
requirement, which is one of the main criteria for the tradeoff analysis suggested
by Kazman [5]. Among the widely used and various grade evaluation systems, a
few can be shortlisted:
•
Moodle: It is a free and open-source software learning management system
written in PHP and distributed under the GNU General Public License
[Source: Wikipedia.org]. Developed on educational principles, Moodle is
widely used for blended learning, distance education, and other e-learning
projects in various institutions.
•
Renweb: It is complete web based software providing integrated solutions to
automate school administration and classroom management. This web-based
solution also offers data conversion and setup process, comprehensive train-
ing, as well as live Customer Support.
•
ACTIVE Educate: ACTIVE Network provides web-based registration and
management solutions. It enhances efficiency with online registration, pro-
cess tuition and fees including credit card processing and manages private
lessons, streamline administration and staff management.
•
Blackboard: It is independent school management software, which provides
its customer to share student records across admissions and registrars. It also
helps in organizing the admission process, store detailed student informa-
tion, create schedules, produce demographic/analytical reports, and print
report cards and transcripts. Likewise, it shares student grades, attendance,
and exchange information securely via the web.
Based on the above mentioned study and the entire collected scenario, the
main features provided by almost all the above mentioned software and other
software(s) available widely are:
Academic Reporting, Admission Management, Attendance Tracking, Event
Calendar, Grade Management and Display, Scheduling and Maintaining Record.
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