PLSQL性能优化实战与常见问题解析

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本文档主要针对PL/SQL程序的性能分析与优化展开讨论。在日常的业务处理中,PL/SQL Developer是一个常用的工具,用于数据转换和处理,而提升程序执行效率是开发人员必备的技能。性能问题往往源于代码编写不当和不规范,因此,理解并解决这些问题至关重要。 首先,文档明确了其范围,仅关注PL/SQL编写规范和优化,而不涉及Oracle本身底层结构(如内存SGA、系统参数和表空间)、操作系统层面的性能以及硬件因素。作者列举了一些实际工作中常见的性能优化场景,旨在提供实用的指导。 在程序性能分析方面,文章着重介绍了ExplainPlan工具。ExplainPlan是PL/SQL Developer中的一个强大功能,通过它,开发者可以分析SQL语句的执行细节,如是否存在索引利用、索引类型及其效果和成本。两种常用的执行方法包括快捷键F5或通过TOOLS->ExpainPlan菜单操作。通过ExplainPlan,开发人员可以深入了解SQL执行计划,从而针对性地优化查询。 提到优化器模式,Oracle数据库在不同版本中有不同的默认设置。在Oracle 10g之前,默认为CHOOSE模式,而10g及以上版本倾向于ALL_ROWS模式,这是基于成本的优化器。除非有特殊需求,一般推荐使用默认设置,因为CBO(Cost-Based Optimizer)更有利于高效执行。 此外,文档还提及了如何在init.ora文件中配置优化器模式,以及在SQL语句级别或会话级别进行覆盖,以确保优化器的选择适应具体的应用场景。对于那些希望深入理解并优化PL/SQL程序性能的读者来说,本文档提供了一个实用的指南,帮助他们识别问题并采取改进措施。 本文档围绕PL/SQL程序性能优化的核心要点,包括书写规范、ExplainPlan的使用、优化器模式配置等,对于提高PL/SQL程序执行效率具有参考价值。然而,它并非全面的性能调优手册,读者在实践中可能还需要结合其他专业资料和经验来不断完善和提升。
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PL/SQL Developer 7.0 用户指南 目录 1.介绍.................................................9 2. 安装....................................................................................................................................................13 2.1 系统需求......................................................13 2.2 工作站安装....................................................13 2.3 基于服务器安装................................................13 2.4 脚本安装......................................................14 2.5 卸载 PL/SQL DEVELOPER...........................................14 3. 编写程序............................................................................................................................................15 3.1 创建程序......................................................15 3.2 保存程序......................................................16 3.3 修改程序......................................................17 3.4 编译程序......................................................17 3.5 置换变量......................................................18 4. 测试程序............................................................................................................................................19 4.1 创建测试脚本..................................................19 4.2 运行测试脚本..................................................20 4.3 变量类型......................................................21 4.4 保存测试脚本..................................................22 4.5 跟踪运行时间错误..............................................23 4.6 包声明和 JAVA 会话声明.........................................23 4.7 查看结果集....................................................24 4.8 查看 DBMS_OUTPUT................................................24 4.9 查看 HTP 输出.................................................24 4.10 调试..........................................................24 4.11 跟踪运行......................................................28 4.12 回归测试......................................................29 5. 优化....................................................................................................................................................30 5.1 使用解释计划窗口..............................................30 5.2 自动统计......................................................31 5.3 PL/SQL 概览图...................................................32 5.4 SQL 跟踪........................................................33 6. 专用 SQL............................................................................................................................................35 6.1 使用 SQL 窗口.................................................35 6.2 结果表格处理..................................................36 6.3 实例模式查询..................................................40 6.4 连接查询......................................................41 6.5 置换变量......................................................42 4 PL/SQL Developer 7.0 用户指南 6.6 更新数据库....................................................43 6.7 查看和编辑 XMLTYPE 列..........................................44 6.8 直接查询导出..................................................44 6.9 保存 SQL 脚本..................................................44 6.10 创建标准查询..................................................45 7. 命令窗口............................................................................................................................................46 7.1 输入 SQL 语句和命令............................................46 7.2 开发命令文件..................................................47 7.3 支持命令......................................................48 8. 创建与修改非 PL/SQL 对象............................................................................................................51 8.1 表定义编辑器..................................................51 8.2 序列定义编辑器................................................63 8.3 同义词定义编辑器..............................................63 8.4 库定义编辑器..................................................64 8.5 目录定义编辑器................................................64 8.6 作业定义编辑器................................................65 8.7 队列定义编辑器................................................65 8.8 队列表定义编辑器..............................................66 8.9 用户定义编辑器................................................67 8.10 角色定义编辑器................................................70 8.11 概要文件定义编辑器............................................71 8.12 数据库连接定义编辑器..........................................71 9. 图表....................................................................................................................................................72 9.1 创建图表......................................................72 9.2 保存和打开图表文件............................................75 9.3 更新图表......................................................75 10. 报告....................................................................................................................................................76 10.1 标准报告......................................................76 10.2 定制报告......................................................77 10.3 变量..........................................................78 10.4 精制版面......................................................83 10.5 风格库........................................................90 10.6 选项..........................................................91 10.7 报告菜单......................................................93 11. 图形....................................................................................................................................................94 12. 工程....................................................................................................................................................97 12.1 创建一个新工程................................................97 12.2 保存工程......................................................98 12.3 添加文件到工程................................................98 12.4 添加数据库对象到工程..........................................98 PL/SQL Developer 7.0 用户指南 5 12.5 用工程项目工作................................................99 12.6 编译工程......................................................99 13. 任务项目..........................................................................................................................................101 13.1 创建任务项目.................................................102 13.2 编辑任务项目.................................................102 13.3 关闭任务项目.................................................103 13.4 删除任务项目.................................................103 14. 窗口、数据库会话和事务.............................................................................................................104 14.1 会话模式.....................................................104 14.2 运行于多路会话或双路会话模式.................................104 15. 浏览对象..........................................................................................................................................105 15.1 使用浏览器...................................................105 15.2 浏览器过滤器.................................................110 15.3 浏览器文件夹.................................................111 16. 首选项..............................................................................................................................................114 16.1 ORACLE - 连接.................................................115 16.2 ORACLE - 选项.................................................116 16.3 ORACLE - 调试器...............................................117 16.4 ORACLE - 输出.................................................118 16.5 ORACLE - 跟踪.................................................119 16.6 ORACLE - 概览图...............................................119 16.7 ORACLE - 登录历史.............................................121 16.8 ORACLE - 提示.................................................122 16.9 用户界面 - 选项.............................................124 16.10 用户界面 - 工具栏...........................................125 16.11 用户界面 - 浏览器...........................................126 16.12 用户界面 - 编辑器...........................................127 16.13 用户界面 - 字体.............................................129 16.14 用户界面 - 代码助手.........................................130 16.15 用户界面 - 键配置...........................................131 16.16 用户界面 - 外观.............................................132 16.17 用户界面 - 日期/时间........................................133 16.18 窗口类型 - 程序窗口.........................................134 16.19 窗口类型 - SQL 窗口.........................................136 16.20 窗口类型 - 测试窗口.........................................138 16.21 窗口类型 - 计划窗口.........................................138 16.22 工具 - 差异.................................................139 16.23 工具 - 数据生成器...........................................139 16.24 工具 - 任务列表.............................................140 16.25 工具 - 重新调用声明.........................................140 6 PL/SQL Developer 7.0 用户指南 16.26 文件 - 目录..................................................141 16.27 文件 - 扩展名................................................142 16.28 文件 - 格式..................................................143 16.29 文件 - 备份..................................................144 16.30 文件 - HTML/XML..............................................145 16.31 其它 - 打印..................................................146 16.32 其它 - 更新与消息............................................147 16.33 首选项集.....................................................148 17. 工具.................................................................................................................................................150 17.1 浏览器.......................................................150 17.2 查找数据库对象...............................................151 17.3 编译无效对象.................................................152 17.4 导出表.......................................................153 17.5 导入表.......................................................156 17.6 导出用户对象.................................................158 17.7 文本导入器...................................................159 17.8 ODBC 导入器..................................................163 17.9 数据生成器...................................................165 17.10 比较用户对象.................................................169 17.11 比较表数据...................................................171 17.12 事件监视器...................................................173 17.13 会话.........................................................174 17.14 自定义工具...................................................176 17.15 测试管理器...................................................181 18. 编辑器.............................................................................................................................................185 18.1 选择功能.....................................................185 18.2 列选择.......................................................185 18.3 指引线.......................................................186 18.4 代码助手.....................................................186 18.5 重新调用语句.................................................187 18.6 专用复制.....................................................188 18.7 前后关系敏感帮助.............................................189 18.8 数据库对象弹出式菜单.........................................189 18.9 解释计划.....................................................189 18.10 宏...........................................................189 18.11 书签.........................................................191 18.12 颜色标记.....................................................191 18.13 代码目录.....................................................192 18.14 代码层次.....................................................193 18.15 超链接导航...................................................193 18.16 导航按钮.....................................................194 PL/SQL Developer 7.0 用户指南 7 18.17 重构.........................................................194 18.18 搜索栏.......................................................195 19. 大数据编辑器..................................................................................................................................197 19.1 编辑纯文本...................................................198 19.2 编辑 RTF.....................................................198 19.3 编辑 XML.....................................................199 19.4 编辑图象.....................................................200 19.5 编辑十六进制数据.............................................200 19.6 调用外部查看器或编辑器.......................................202 20. 查询设计器......................................................................................................................................204 20.1 创建新的 SELECT 语句...........................................204 20.2 修改现有的 SELECT 语句.........................................208 20.3 处理查询定义.................................................208 20.4 查询设计器首选项.............................................209 20.5 查询设计器插件...............................................210 21. PL/SQL 美化器...............................................................................................................................211 21.1 定义选项.....................................................211 21.2 定义规则.....................................................212 21.3 使用美化器...................................................213 22. 模板..................................................................................................................................................214 22.1 模板窗口.....................................................214 22.2 使用模板.....................................................215 22.3 创建和修改模板...............................................216 23. 窗口列表..........................................................................................................................................221 24. 可停放和浮动的工具.....................................................................................................................222 25. 授权..................................................................................................................................................223 25.1 启用授权.....................................................223 25.2 定义授权.....................................................224 25.3 停用授权.....................................................225 26. ORACLE 文件系统 (OFS)...............................................................................................................226 26.1 OFS 管理器...................................................226 26.2 OFS 用法.....................................................228 27. 帮助系统..........................................................................................................................................230 27.1 MS 帮助文件..................................................230 27.2 HTML 手册....................................................230 28. 定制..................................................................................................................................................234 28.1 首选项.......................................................234 28.2 窗口版面.....................................................234 28.3 在线文档.....................................................234 8 PL/SQL Developer 7.0 用户指南 28.4 命令行参数...................................................236 28.5 SQL、PL/SQL、命令、JAVA 和 XML 关键词.........................238 28.6 插件...............