入门指南：EJB3应用开发实战与Glassfish详解

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"《入门到专业：EJB3应用开发实战》（Beginning EJB3 Application Development From Novice to Professional）是一本由Raghu R. Kodali、Jonathan Wetherbee与Peter Zadrozny合著的EJB3技术指南。该书是关于Java EE 5 API的深入介绍，旨在帮助读者从初学者逐步掌握如何构建基于EJB 3.0的轻量级应用程序和服务。作者们在书中全面地探讨了EJB 3.0的核心概念和技术，包括企业JavaBean（EJB）的基础知识、Bean组件的生命周期管理、以及事务处理、依赖注入（Dependency Injection）和会话 beans 的设计。读者将学习如何利用EJB 3.0的简化特性，如无遗留模式（Stateless Session Beans）、单例模式（Singleton）和远程接口的移除，以提高应用程序的性能和可维护性。《EJB3 in Action 2007》则是一本实践导向的书籍，它通过实际项目案例展示了EJB 3.0在现代企业应用中的应用，让读者在实践中快速上手。书中包含了大量的代码示例和最佳实践，适合那些希望直接应用于工作场景的开发者。最后，《Mastering EJB3》是对EJB 3.0更高级特性和复杂架构的深度解析，适合已经有一定EJB基础的开发者进一步提升技能。这本书可能涵盖了更复杂的领域，如ejb-jar.xml配置、容器管理和安全性，以及EJB 3.0与其他Java EE组件（如JPA和JSF）的集成。这三本书构成了一个完整的EJB3学习路径，从基础知识到进阶技术，无论是初次接触EJB3的开发者还是希望深化理解的专家，都能从中找到所需的信息。通过阅读这些书籍，读者不仅能了解EJB3如何简化企业级Java应用的开发，还能掌握如何利用Java EE 5 API构建高效、可扩展的企业服务。"

■CHAPTER 10 Migrating EJB 2.x Applications to EJB 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

Getting Started. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

Session Bean Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

EJB 2.1 Session Bean. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

EJB 2.1 ejb-jar.xml File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

EJB 3 Session Bean Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325

Migrating the EJB 2.1 Session Bean Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

Migrating the EJB 2.1 Session Bean Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

Migrating the EJB 2.1 Session Bean ejb-jar.xml Properties. . . . . . 328

Migrating an EJB 2.1 Web Service Endpoint Interface . . . . . . . . . . 330

Session Bean Migration Wrap-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

MDB Migration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

Entity Bean Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

EJB Client Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

Migrating an EJB 2.1 Session Bean Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

End-to-End EJB Application Migration Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

EJB 2.1 Application Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

EJB 3 Application Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

Migrating Our Application to Run Outside a Java EE Container. . . . . . . . 355

EJB 3 Session Bean Class Running Outside the EJB Container . . 356

EJB 3 persistence.xml File with an Outside-the-Container

Persistence Unit

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

EJB 3 Application-Managed EntityManager Client. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

■CHAPTER 11 EJB 3 Deployment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

A Note on Deployment Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362

Overview of the Deployment Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

The Provider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

The Assembler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363

The Deployer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

Java EE Deployment Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

The Java EE Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

The Java EE Containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368

■CONTENTS xv

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■CONTENTSxvi

Java EE Deployment Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

The Java EE Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

Java EE Module Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

Library Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372

Application Servers and Platform Independence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

Deployment Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

The Deployment Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

Deployment Roles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

The Application Assembler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377

The Application Deployer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

Assembling an EJB JAR Module. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

Naming Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382

Assembling a Persistence Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382

Naming Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

■CHAPTER 12 EJB 3 Client Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

Application Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

JSF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390

Evolution of Java EE Web Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391

JSF Architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

JSF Tools and Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395

Developing Web Applications Using JSF and EJB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396

The Login Page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398

The New Customer Registration Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402

The Links Page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409

The Search Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413

The Wine List Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419

The Display Selected Wine Details Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423

The Display Cart Items Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428

The Notification Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

Packaging, Deploying, and Testing the Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

Prerequisites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432

Compiling and Packaging the JSF Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433

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EJB 3 is a very important milestone for the specification. Not only is it significantly eas-

ier to use, but also for the first time (in my opinion), the specification is now built around

the proven needs of the development community, standardizing existing best practices

instead of being the result of design by committee. The reader of this book is most likely a

developer, so I will present some historical context of how EJB came to be and why it

matters today, from the perspective of developers.

I speak at conferences fairly often, and at a certain point during a talk I will ask the

audience how many have used EJB. Usually, 90 percent put up their hand. Then, I ask

them, “How many of you have used EJB as distributed objects—meaning, where you have

a separate physical tier for your business logic and a separate tier for your presentation

(servlets/JSP) tier?” Usually only 15 percent of the 90 percent will put up their hand.

These results have been consistent at conferences I’ve spoken at in North America,

Europe, and Japan. The result still never ceases to amaze me, since the early days of EJB

forced you to apply distributed semantics on your code, which is useful on large-scale

multi–physical tier projects—but in fact, most of the EJB audience was using it as a local

framework for their small-to-medium-sized web apps.

Why is this so? If you look at the wider context of the times (1999 to 2003), it starts to

make sense. If you look at the core values that EJB 1+ proposed, you could boil them all

down to three simple categories:

• Framework benefits: At the time, if you were doing any kind of web or enterprise

development in Java, you were living in a proprietary, confusing world; or you were

using nuts-and-bolts tools like RMI and servlets, and creating your own frame-

works. Couple that with the fact that during this time, most software developers

were new, attracted by the dot-com boom—the industry was just waiting to be

given a standard, agreed-upon way to do enterprise development. EJB provided

that—a standard framework for handling transactions, security, stateful compo-

nents, object persistence, and so on. Having a standard framework solved a real

and present need—since at the time there was no open source movement and

there were no web frameworks.

• Distribution benefits: EJB standardized a programming model and platform for

building business logic with distributed objects. Hot on the heels of RMI and

CORBA, this too was needed. If you wanted to do distributed objects, EJB was the

answer.

xix

Foreword

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