JDBC高级教程：数据库存储过程与数据类型操作详解

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本教程是针对Java开发者设计的，旨在深入讲解Java应用程序如何通过JDBC（Java Database Connectivity）执行高级数据库操作。主要内容涵盖了以下几个方面： 1. **教程概述**：如果你已经掌握了Java编程语言和基本的JDBC知识，但希望进一步提升对复杂数据库操作的理解，如存储过程和高级数据类型，那么这个教程非常适合你。它以DB2 Universal Database 7.2为例，但代码的通用性很强，因为采用了DataSource对象，这意味着你可以轻松地将代码适应到其他数据库系统。 2. **应用设计**：这部分会介绍如何在设计Java应用时考虑使用JDBC进行高级操作，包括如何有效地管理连接池和事务处理，以提高性能和可靠性。 3. **数据库创建**：虽然不是重点，但理解数据库的基本结构和表设计对于调用存储过程至关重要。这里可能会涉及如何为存储过程创建和管理表结构。 4. **预编译语句（Prepared Statements）**：这部分介绍了预编译语句的优势，它们可以提高性能、防止SQL注入攻击，并且能够更好地处理参数化查询。 5. **可调用存储过程（Callable Statements）**：这部分详细讲解了如何通过JDBC调用存储过程，以及存储过程在处理复杂业务逻辑、事务管理和跨数据库操作中的作用。 6. **高级数据类型**：JDBC支持多种高级数据类型，如BLOBs (Binary Large Objects)、CLOBs (Character Large Objects)等。教程会展示如何在Java中操作这些类型，以及如何处理大数据量的存储和传输。 7. **总结**：最后的总结部分会回顾整个教程的重要概念和技术，并提供一些扩展学习的资源和最佳实践建议。在整个教程中，读者不仅能学到如何利用JDBC进行高级数据库操作，还能了解到如何编写更高效、安全和可维护的Java代码，从而提升应用程序的整体性能和健壮性。

import javax.sql.DataSource;

In the following code segment, one single class is used to create the DataSource object

and bind it to a name later used to materialize the object from the JNDI filesystem context

provider. In this example, the code to initialize the database is made dependent (only in that

db2 is part of the name), but in general the name doesn't need to change, only the actual

object bound to the name -- this is the power of name services. Think how DNS works; the

actual machine to which you connect might change, but the name stays the same. One last

point to note is the last line of code shown below; its purpose is to first unbind (or delete) any

object previously bound to the DataSource name. While not necessary, this is a good

practice because it is a form of resource deallocation.

public class InitializeDB2 {

public static void main(String argv[]) {

String fsName = "jdbc/pjtutorial/db2";

try{

Hashtable env = new Hashtable();

env.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY,

"com.sun.jndi.fscontext.RefFSContextFactory");

Context ctx = new InitialContext(env);

ctx.unbind(fsName) ;

Creating the DataSource object

To enable the magic of JNDI, we first need to create the DataSource object and set all

relevant properties. There is a standard list of properties that a DataSource object must

take, as well as several optional (non-essential) properties. A GUI tool could discover these

extra properties through reflection and query the user appropriately. Once the DataSource

object has been created and initialized, the next step is to bind it to the appropriate name.

DB2DataSource ds = new DB2DataSource();

ds.setDescription("DB2 DataSource");

ds.setServerName("persistentjava.com");

ds.setPortNumber(6789);

ds.setDatabaseName("jdbc");

ctx.bind(fsName, ds) ;

ctx.close() ;

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

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Advanced database operations with JDBC Page 5 of 26

Section 3. Database creation

Schema creation

While database programming has become considerably easier over the years with the

proliferation of GUI design tools, it is still instructive (and fun) to craft a schema by hand.

Using JDBC, such creation is easy; we only need to focus on the actual SQL data definition

language (DDL) statements required to create the database tables for our application (see

Resources on page 24 for links to SQL material). As discussed in the previous section of this

tutorial, the message board application employs three classes: the message class, the digest

class, and the author class. The following SQL statements create the requisite tables.

String dTableSQL = "CREATE TABLE digest " +

"(id INTEGER NOT NULL," +

" title VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL," +

" author VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL)" ;

String mTableSQL = "CREATE TABLE messages " +

"(id INTEGER NOT NULL," +

" title VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL," +

" author VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL," +

" message CLOB(2048))" ;

String aTableSQL = "CREATE TABLE authors " +

"(author VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL," +

" photo BLOB(4096))" ;

Given the preceding DDL statements, we can quickly construct a JDBC application to create

these tables in the appropriate database. The following code snippet demonstrates this

process; the complete example is available in the source code zip file in Resources on page 24

. An ellipsis is used to indicate a section where code has been removed to increase the

clarity of the example. Note how the example first materializes the DataSource object using

JNDI and the filesystem provider, creates a new database connection, and executes the SQL

DDL statements, which in turn update the database by creating new tables.

package com.persistentjava;

... // The SQL Statements go here.

String fsName = "jdbc/pjtutorial/db2";

Connection con = null ;

try {

Hashtable env = new Hashtable() ;

env.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY,

"com.sun.jndi.fscontext.RefFSContextFactory") ;

Context ctx = new InitialContext(env) ;

DataSource ds = (DataSource)ctx.lookup(fsName) ;

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Advanced database operations with JDBC Page 6 of 26

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