从零开始的iOS编程：Objective-C入门指南

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"Objective-C for Absolute Beginners 是一本针对iOS编程初学者的英文版教材，由Apress出版社提供。本书旨在为零基础的学习者提供一个全面且循序渐进的指南，帮助他们掌握Objective-C语言以及iOS开发的基础知识。书中内容涵盖了从基础编程概念到更高级的主题，如面向对象编程、数据处理、决策结构、用户界面设计、内存管理、调试技术等。首先，第一章" Becoming a Great iOS or Mac Programmer" 引导读者踏上iOS和Mac编程的旅程，强调了成为优秀开发者所需的基本态度和技能。第二章"Programming Basics" 开始讲解编程基础知识，让读者对代码编写有初步理解。第三章深入探讨数据的重要性，如何有效地管理和操作数据是编程的核心。第四章讲述数据决策与程序流程规划，学习如何根据条件控制程序执行。第五章"Object-Oriented Programming with Objective-C" 针对Objective-C的面向对象特性进行教学，这是iOS开发中的关键组成部分。第六章详细介绍Objective-C语言的学习，以及如何利用Xcode这个强大的开发环境。第七章至第十章进一步深化Objective-C的理解，包括类、对象和方法的使用，以及如何通过编程实现基本功能。第十一章介绍数据比较，这对于算法和数据结构的理解至关重要。第十二章讨论协议和委托模式，这是iOS应用与用户交互的重要方式。在内存管理方面，第十三章"Memory, Addresses, and Pointers" 讲解内存分配、地址和指针的概念，这对于高效编程至关重要。最后，第十四章"Introducing the Xcode Debugger" 引导读者使用Xcode的调试工具来识别和解决问题，这是提升编程技能的必备环节。本书的结尾部分包括索引，便于读者快速查找和回顾学习过的知识点。无论是对于初次接触iOS开发的新手，还是希望巩固基础的开发者，Objective-C for Absolute Beginners都是一本理想的参考书。通过跟随本书的步骤，读者将建立起坚实的iOS编程基础，为成为一名专业的iOS开发者打下坚实的基础。"

CHAPTER 1: Becoming a Great iOS or Mac Programmer

the developer to step through the program to find out why the application is not working

as designed. Figure 1–3 shows the complete software development cycle.

Figure 1–3. The typical software development cycle

Frequently during testing and debugging, changes to the requirements (design) must

occur to make the application more usable for the customer. After the design

requirements and user interface changes are made, the process begins over again.

At some point, the application that everyone has been working so hard on must be

shipped to the iTunes App Store. Many considerations are taken into account when this

happens:

 Cost of development

 Budget

 Stability of the application

 Return on investment

There is always the give-and-take between developers and management. Developers

want the app perfect and management wants to start realizing revenue from the

investment as soon as possible. If the release date were left up to the developers, the

app would likely never ship to the App Store. Developers would continue to tweak the

app forever, making it faster, more efficient, and more usable. At some point, however,

the code needs to be pried from the developers’ hands and uploaded to the App Store

so it can do what it was meant to do.

Introducing Object Oriented Programming

As discussed in detail in the Introduction, Alice enables us to focus on object oriented

programming (OOP) without having to cover all the Objective-C programming syntax

and complex Xcode development environment in one big step. Instead, we can focus on

learning the basic principles of OOP and using those principles quickly to write our first

programs.

For decades, developers have been trying to figure out a better way to develop code

that is reusable, manageable, and easily maintained over the life of a project. OOP was

designed to help achieve code reuse and maintainability while reducing the cost of

software development.

www.it-ebooks.info

CHAPTER 1: Becoming a Great iOS or Mac Programmer

All objects have data that describes those objects. This data is defined as properties.

Each property describes the associated object in a specific way. For example, the jet

object’s properties might be as follows:

altitude = 10,000 feet

heading = North

speed = 500 knots

pitch = 10 degrees

yaw = 20 degrees

latitude = 33.575776

longitude = -111.875766

For our UITableView object in Figure 1–5, the following might be our properties:

backGroundColor = Red

selectedRow = 3

animateView = No

An object’s properties can be changed at any time when our program is running, when

the user interacts with the app, or when the programmer designs the app to accomplish

the design requirements. The values stored in the properties of an object at a specific

time are collectively called the state of an object.

State is an important concept in computer programming. When teaching students about

state, we ask them to go over to a window and find an airplane in the sky. We then ask

them to snap their fingers and make up some of the values that the plane’s properties

might have at that specific time. Those values might be

altitude = 10,000 feet

latitude = 33.575776

longitude = -111.875766

Those values represent the state of the object at the specific time that they snapped

their fingers.

After waiting a couple minutes, we ask the students to find that same plane, snap their

fingers again, and record the plane’s possible state at that specific point in time.

The values of the properties might then be something like

altitude = 10,500 feet

latitude = 33.575665

longitude = -111.875777

Notice how the state of the object changes over time.

Working with the Alice Interface

Alice offers a great approach in using the concepts that we have just discussed without

all the complexity of learning Xcode and the Objective-C language at the same time. It

takes only a few minutes to familiarize oneself with the Alice interface and begin writing

a program.

The Introduction of this book describes how to download Alice. After it’s downloaded

and installed, you need to open Alice. It will look like Figure 1–6.

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