DNV的90米以上散货船通用结构规则

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"Det Norske Veritas (DNV) 的 Common Structural Rules for Bulk Carriers with Length 90 Metres and Above 是一套针对90米及以上长度散货船的通用结构规则，旨在确保船舶的安全性和可靠性。这些规则包含了从总体设计、结构设计原则到施工与测试的各个环节，为船舶建造提供了全面的指导。" 正文: 这本手册由DNV（Det Norske Veritas）发布，是国际船级社协会（IACS）共同结构规则的一部分，适用于90米及以上长度的散货船。其主要内容分为13个章节： 1. **General Principles**（一般原则）：这一章概述了设计和建造船舶的基本准则，包括安全标准、法规遵循以及考虑环境影响的原则。 2. **General Arrangement Design**（总体布置设计）：规定了船舶的布局和空间分配，以确保功能性和操作性，同时满足船舶稳定性和操纵性的要求。 3. **Structural Design Principles**（结构设计原则）：详细介绍了如何进行船舶结构的设计，包括材料选择、强度计算和结构完整性。 4. **Design Loads**（设计载荷）：这部分涵盖了各种可能对船舶结构产生影响的载荷，如风浪载荷、货物载荷、自重等，以确保结构能够承受预期的运营条件。 5. **Hull Girder Strength**（船体梁强度）：重点讨论了船体梁的强度分析，确保船体在各种工况下的稳定性。 6. **Hull Scantlings**（船体构造）：规定了船壳的最小尺寸和厚度，以满足强度和耐久性要求。 7. **Direct Strength Analysis**（直接强度分析）：提出了使用数值方法进行结构强度直接分析的方法，以更精确地评估船舶性能。 8. **Fatigue Check of Structural Details**（结构细节疲劳检查）：关注在重复载荷作用下可能导致疲劳破坏的部位，以延长船舶的使用寿命。 9. **Other Structures**（其他结构）：涵盖了除船体外的其他关键结构，如甲板、舱口盖和上层建筑等。 10. **Hull Outfitting**（船体舾装）：涉及船舶的内部设施和设备安装，确保其符合操作和安全标准。 11. **Construction and Testing**（建造与测试）：详细描述了建造过程中的质量控制和测试程序，以验证船舶是否符合设计要求。 12. **Additional Class Notations**（附加船级符号）：可能适用于特定船舶的额外分类要求，增加了船舶的特定性能或安全特性。 13. **Ships in Operation, Renewal Criteria**（在役船舶，更新标准）：为正在运营的船舶提供了维护、检验和更新的标准，以保持其适航状态。这套规则是国际海事界的重要参考文献，对保障海上运输的安全和效率起着至关重要的作用。通过遵循这些规则，设计师、工程师和船厂可以确保新建造的散货船满足最高级别的安全标准和性能要求。

Chapter 1, Section 2 Common Structural Rules for Bulk Carriers

Page 10 January 2006

Plan or document Containing also information on

Plan of access to and escape from spaces

Plan of ventilation Use of spaces and location and height of air vent outlets of various

compartments

Plan of tank testing Testing procedures for the various compartments

Height of pipes for testing

Loading manual and loading instruments Loading conditions as defined in Ch 4, Sec 7 (see also Ch 4,

Sec 8)

Equipment number calculation Geometrical elements for calculation

List of equipment

Construction and breaking load of steel wires

Material, construction, breaking load and relevant elongation of

synthetic ropes

(1) Where other steering or propulsion systems are adopted (e.g. steering nozzles or azimuth propulsion systems),

the plans showing the relevant arrangement and structural scantlings are to be submitted. For azimuth propulsion

systems, see Ch 10, Sec 1, [11].

3. Computer programs

3.1 General

3.1.1

In order to increase the flexibility in the structural design direct calculations with computer programs are

acceptable (see Ch 7). The aim of such analyses is to assess the structure compliance with the rule requirements.

3.2 General programs

3.2.1

The choice of computer programs according to currently available technology is free. The programs are to be able

to manage the model and load cases as required in Ch 7 and/or Ch 8. The programs may be checked by the Society

through comparative calculations with predefined test examples. A generally valid approval for a computer

program is, however, not given by the Society.

3.2.2

Direct calculations may be used in the following fields:

• global strength

• longitudinal strength

• beams and grillages

• detailed strength.

3.2.3

For such calculation the computer model, the boundary condition and load cases are to be agreed upon with the

Society.

The calculation documents are to be submitted including input and output. During the examination it may prove

necessary that the Society performs independent comparative calculations.

Chapter 1, Section 3 Common Structural Rules for Bulk Carriers

Page 12 January 2006

2. Definition of functional requirements

2.1 General

2.1.1

The functional requirements relevant to the ship structure are indicated in [2.2] to [2.6].

2.2 Structural strength

2.2.1

Ships are to be designed to withstand, in the intact condition, the environmental conditions during the design life,

for the appropriate loading conditions. Structural strength is to be determined against buckling and yielding.

Ultimate strength calculations have to include ultimate hull girder capacity and ultimate strength of plates and

stiffeners.

2.2.2

Ships are to be designed to have sufficient reserve strength to withstand the wave and internal loads in damaged

conditions that are reasonably foreseeable, e.g. collision, grounding or flooding scenarios. Residual strength

calculations are to take into account the ultimate reserve capacity of the hull girder, considering permanent

deformation and post-buckling behaviour.

2.2.3

Ships are to be assessed according to the expected design fatigue life for representative structural details.

2.3 Coating

2.3.1

Coating, where required, is to be selected as a function of the declared use of the ship spaces, e.g. holds, tanks,

cofferdams, etc., materials and application of other corrosion prevention systems, e.g. cathodic protection or

other alternative means. The protective coating systems, applied and maintained in accordance with

manufacturer’s specifications concerning steel preparation, coating selection, application and maintenance, are to

comply with the SOLAS requirements, the flag administration requirements and the Owner specifications.

2.4 Corrosion addition

2.4.1

The corrosion addition to be added to the net scantling required by structural strength calculations is to be

adequate for the operating life. The corrosion addition is to be assigned in accordance with the use and exposure

of internal and external structure to corrosive agents, such as water, cargo or corrosive atmosphere, in addition to

the corrosion prevention systems, e.g. coating, cathodic protection or by alternative means.

Common Structural Rules for Bulk Carriers Chapter 1, Section 3

January 2006 Page 13

2.5 Means of access

2.5.1

Ship structures subject to overall and close-up inspection and thickness measurements are to be provided with

means capable of ensuring safe access to the structures. The means of access are to be described in a Ship

Structure Access Manual. Reference is made to SOLAS, Chapter II-1, Regulation 3-6.

2.6 Construction quality procedures

2.6.1

Specifications for material manufacturing, assembling, joining and welding procedures, steel surface preparation

and coating are to be included in the ship construction quality procedures.

3. Other regulations

3.1 International regulations

3.1.1

Attention of designers, shipbuilders and shipowners of ships covered by these Rules is drawn on the following :

Ships are designed, constructed and operated in a complex regulatory framework prescribed internationally by

IMO and implemented by flag states or by classification societies on their behalf. Statutory requirements set the

standard for statutory aspects of ships such as life saving, subdivisions, stability, fire protection, etc.

These requirements influence the operational and cargo carrying arrangements of the ship and therefore may

affect its structural design.

The main international instruments normally to be applied with regard to the strength of bulk carriers are:

• International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS)

• International Convention on Load Lines

3.2 National regulations

3.2.1

Attention is drawn on the applicable national flag state regulations.

Compliance with these regulations of national administrations is not conditional for class assignment.

4. Workmanship

4.1 Requirements to be complied with by the manufacturer

4.1.1

The manufacturing plant is to be provided with suitable equipment and facilities to enable proper handling of the

materials, manufacturing processes, structural components, etc.

The manufacturing plant is to have at its disposal sufficiently qualified personnel. The Society is to be advised of

the names and areas of responsibility of the supervisory and control personnel in charge of the project.

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