3D MIMO信道模型3GPP最新研究与非正式标准（Release 12）

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3D MIMO信道模型标准文献英文版（3GPP TR 36.873 V2.0.0, 2014年3月发布）是3GPP（3rd Generation Partnership Project，第三代合作伙伴计划）针对长期演进（LTE）的第12个版本所编撰的一项技术报告。这份文档是在3GPP内部进行研究和开发的成果，但值得注意的是，它尚未经过正式批准并公开发布，因此主要用于3GPP内部的未来工作。该文档主要探讨了三维（3D）空间信道模型在LTE系统中的应用，这是对传统二维MIMO（Multiple-Input Multiple-Output）技术的重要扩展。3D MIMO利用多个天线在空间维度上的增益，可以提供更高效的频谱利用率和更好的无线覆盖，从而增强无线通信系统的性能。在文档中，3GPP Release 12（第12阶段）强调了关键词的选择，这些关键词可能是技术实现的关键要素，例如可能涉及多路径传播、空间分集、波束赋形等概念。此外，文档还包含了3GPP的支持地址和联系方式，便于有兴趣的各方获取进一步的信息或参与标准化过程。然而，由于这份报告尚未通过组织伙伴的审批，因此不应作为实施3GPP系统规格的官方文档。想要获得正式的3GPP技术规范和报告，用户应通过3GPP的组织伙伴出版机构获取，以确保得到准确和完整的标准内容。版权方面，任何对该文档的复制和传播都必须得到书面许可，以尊重3GPP的知识产权。3GPP TR 36.873 V2.0.0是无线通信领域的重要参考资料，它标志着3D MIMO技术在移动通信标准中的逐步成熟，预示着未来无线网络性能的巨大提升潜力。随着技术的发展，这一标准可能会被不断完善和更新，以适应不断变化的无线通信需求。

3GPP TR 36.873 V2.0.0 (2014-03)

Release 12

4 Introduction

At 3GPP TSG RAN #58 meeting the Study Item Description on "Study on 3D-channel model for Elevation

Beamforming and FD-MIMO studies for LTE" was approved [2], which was subsequently revised at RAN#60 [3].

This study item covers the identification of scenarios applicable to 3D beamforming, FD-MIMO and the evaluation

methodology needed for modelling and evaluation of such techniques. This TR documents the modified evaluation

methodology including 3D channel models needed for studying the above techniques.

5 General

5.1 Coordinate system

5.1.1 Definition

A coordinate system is defined by the x, y, z axes, the spherical angles and the spherical unit vectors as shown in Figure

5.1.1.

Figure 5.1.1 defines the zenith angle



and the azimuth angle



in a Cartesian coordinate system.

Note that

0



points to the zenith and

90



points to the horizon.

The field component in the direction of



is given by



and the field component in the direction of



is given by



Figure 5.1.1:Definition of spherical angles and spherical unit vectors in a Cartesian coordinate

system, where

is the given direction,



and



are the spherical basis vectors

5.1.2 Local and global coordinate systems

A Global Coordinate System (GCS) is defined for a system comprising of multiple BSs and UTs. An antenna array for a

BS or a UT can be defined in a Local Coordinate System (LCS). An LCS is used as a reference to define the vector far-

field that is pattern and polarization, of each antenna element in an array. It is assumed that the far-field is known in the

LCS by formulae. The placement of an array within the GCS is defined by the translation between the GCS and a LCS.

The orientation of the array with respect to the GCS is defined in general by a sequence of rotations (described in clause

5.1.3). Since this orientation is in general different from the GCS orientation, it is necessary to map the vector fields of

the array elements from the LCS to the GCS. This mapping depends only on the orientation of the array and is given by

the equations in clause 5.13.

Note that any arbitrary mechanical orientation of the array can be achieved by rotating the LCS with respect to the GCS.









3GPP TR 36.873 V2.0.0 (2014-03)

Release 12

5.1.3 Transformation from a LCS to a GCS

A GCS with coordinates (x, y, z,





) and unit vectors (





) and an LCS with "primed" coordinates (x’, y’, z’,





) and "primed" unit vectors (





) are defined with a common origins in Figures 5.1.3-1 and 5.1.3-2. Figure 5.1.3-1

illustrates the sequence of rotations that relate the GCS (gray) and the LCS (blue).

Figure 5.1.3-2 shows the coordinate direction and unit vectors of the GCS (gray) and the LCS (blue).

Note that the vector fields of the antenna array elements are defined in the LCS. In Figure 5.1.3-1 we consider an

arbitrary 3D-rotation of the LCS with respect to the GCS given by the angles







. The set of angles







can also

be termed as the orientation of the antenna array with respect to the GCS.

Note that the transformation from a LCS to a GCS depends only on the angles







. The angle



is called the bearing

angle,



is called the downtilt angle and



is called the slant angle.

Figure 5.1.3-1: Orienting the LCS (blue) with

respect to the GCS (gray) by a sequence of 3

rotations:







Figure 5.1.3-2: Definition of spherical

coordinates and unit vectors in both the GCS

and LCS.

Let

)','('



denote an antenna element pattern in the LCS and

),(



denote the same antenna element pattern in the

GCS. Then the two are related simply by

)','('),(



AA 

with



and



given by (A6) and (A7).

Let us denote the polarized field components in the LCS by

)','(





)','(





and in the GCS by

),(





),(





. Then they are related by equation (A10).

Any arbitrary 3-D rotation can be specified by at most 3 elemental rotations, and following the framework of

Figure 5.1.3-1, a series of rotations about the z,



and



axes are assumed here, in that order.

The dotted and double-dotted marks indicate that the rotations are intrinsic, which means that they are the result of one

() or two () intermediate rotations. In other words, the



axis is the original y axis after the first rotation about z, and

the



axis is the original x axis after the first rotation about z and the second rotation about



A first rotation of



about z sets the antenna bearing angle (i.e. the sector pointing direction for a BS antenna element).

The second rotation of



about



sets the antenna downtilt angle.

Finally, the third rotation of



about



sets the antenna slant angle.

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