
收稿日期:2010-06-10
基金项目:国家科技重大专项课题(2008ZX05017)
作者简介:章博(1980-),男(汉族),湖北枝江人,讲师,博士,主要从事油气安全工程研究。
摇 摇 文章编号:1673鄄5005(2010)05鄄0141鄄06
基于计算流体力学的集气站气体检测
报警仪布置优化
章摇 博
1
, 陈国明
1
, 龚金海
2
, 王摇 勇
2
(1. 中国石油大学 海洋油气装备与安全技术研究中心,山东 东营 257061;
2. 中原石油勘探局 勘察设计研究院,河南 濮阳 457001)
摘要:提出气体检测报警仪的布置优化方法,以某高含硫气田集气站天然气泄漏为例,构建集气站计算流体力学
(CFD)模型并将站内气体检测报警仪设置为模型中的监测点,通过对天然气泄漏及扩散过程的数值模拟获得各监
测点的甲烷和硫化氢浓度,据此对可燃气体检测报警仪布置高度、可燃及有毒气体检测报警仪探测有效性及反应时
间进行分析。 结果表明:对于高含硫天然气泄漏检测,可燃气体检测报警仪高位布置检测效果优于低位布置;硫化
氢检测报警仪探测有效性高于可燃气体检测报警仪。 建议高含硫气田集气站气体检测报警仪布置可以硫化氢检测
报警仪为主并辅以可燃气体检测报警仪。
关键词:计算流体力学; 集气站; 气体检测报警仪; 布置优化; 高含硫
中图分类号:X 928郾 03摇 摇 摇 文献标志码:A摇 摇 摇 doi:10. 3969 / j. issn. 1673鄄5005. 2010. 05. 026
Optimization of gas detection and alarm instrument
networks at gas gathering station based on CFD
ZHANG Bo
1
, CHEN Guo鄄ming
1
, GONG Jin鄄hai
2
, WANG Yong
2
(1. Centre for Offshore Engineering and Safety Technology, China University of Petroleum, Dongying 257061, China;
2. Petroleum Prospecting and Design Institute, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau, Puyang 457001, China)
Abstract: The method of gas detection and alarm instrument networks optimization was presented. Then, a CFD model for
natural gas leakage in a gas gathering station of a high sulfide gas field was set up and the gas detection and alarm instruments
were set up as monitoring points. The methane and hydrogen sulfide volume fractions of monitoring points were recorded by
the simulation of natural gas release and dispersion process. The sensitivity to high and low level placement of combustible
gas detectors, validity and response time of both combustible and toxic gas detectors in large and small release rates were in鄄
vestigated. The results show that, for high鄄sulfide natural gas leakage, better detection can be achieved when combustible
detectors are set higher and hydrogen sulfide detectors are more effective compare to combustible gas detectors. Therefore,
the leakage detection system is recommended to be configured mainly with hydrogen sulfide detectors supplemented by com鄄
bustible gas alarm detectors.
Key words: computational fluid dynamics(CFD); gas station; gas detection and alarm instrument; optimization; high sulfide
摇 摇 高含硫气田集气站设备受多种因素影响,具有
较高的泄漏风险。 因此,优化布置气体检测报警仪,
提高泄漏探测有效性及速度,对减少人员伤亡、提高
应急救援效果具有重要意义。 对于气体检测报警仪
的布置优化,首先须获取泄漏气体的浓度场, 计算
流体力学( computational fluid dynamics, CFD) 方法
以其低成本和较高精度的特点得到国内外学者的广
泛应用。 于洪喜等
[1]
模拟的含硫天然气管道泄漏、
章博等
[2]
模拟的硫化氢泄漏扩散、Kassomenos 等
[3]
模拟的车间内部空间氯乙烯泄漏、Silvana 等
[4]
模拟
2010 年摇 第 34 卷摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 中国石油大学学报( 自然科学版)摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 Vol. 34摇 No. 5
摇 第 5 期摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 Journal of China University of Petroleum摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 摇 Oct. 2010