掌握Zend Framework 3开发者指南：从入门到组件构建

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《Zend Framework 3开发者指南》是一本由Adam Omelak编著的专业教材，针对的是Zend Framework 3版本。该版本于2018年首次发行，第二版在同年发布，享有Adam Omelak、Dominika Zeman和Simon Law等编辑团队的共同创作与维护。本书的版权受到保护，拥有ISBN号1983514640和ISBN-13:978-1983514647。在介绍部分，作者首先解释了什么是Zend Framework 3（ZF3），它是PHP开发的强大工具集，特别适合构建企业级Web应用程序。章节1.3中探讨了选择3.x版本的原因，可能包括性能提升、更好的模块化设计和对现代开发实践的支持。新特性部分（1.5）会详述ZF3相较于前作的重大改进和新增功能。安装部分（2.1-2.3）指导读者设置开发环境，如何下载并使用预设的应用骨架，这对于初次接触ZF3的开发者来说至关重要。应用骨架结构（3.1-3.4）涵盖了配置文件、第三方库管理、模块设置和整个框架的工作原理。第4章简要介绍了简单应用程序的流程，从初始配置到修改控制器和视图，让读者对基本开发操作有深入理解。第五章专注于创建组件，包括添加样本组件、创建表单、处理数据增删改查操作，以及利用ZF2 Rapid创建模块。 MVC（Model-View-Controller）架构是核心内容（6.1-6.4），分别解释了模型处理业务逻辑、视图负责渲染和呈现、控制器协调它们之间交互以及路由规则的重要性。书中还讲解了不同类型的路由器，如HostnameRouter、LiteralRouter等，帮助开发者灵活配置URL到处理函数的映射。最后，第七章列举了最重要的组件，这有助于开发者理解整个框架的核心组件及其作用，从而更好地进行项目开发。《Zend Framework 3 Developer's Guide》是一本全面且实用的教程，无论你是寻求入门指导还是希望深入了解框架的高级特性和最佳实践，都将从中受益匪浅。对于任何想要在PHP Web开发领域提升技能或采用 Zend Framework 3的开发者来说，这本书是一个宝贵的资源。

2.2. Setup of work environment

Now, when we have all the required applications, we can begin setting up the work

environment, that is the server. To do that we will use a free package called XAMPP,

made by Apache Friends. This is a self-configuring set, thanks to which we won’t have

to do much (apart from the installation) to set it up on Windows machines types. For

this book we will be using XMAPP in version 5.6.3, which has the following

specifications:

Apache 2.4.4,

MySQL 5.5.32 (Community Server),

PHP 5.6.3 (VC11 X86 32bit thread safe) + PEAR,

phpMyAdmin 4.0.4

We are not using the latest version of XAMPP on purpose, because 5.6.3 is the last

available stable version available for Windows XP, 2003, Vista and 7. The later

versions support only Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8 and Windows 10. Although

nothing stands in your way to update XAMPP with a more recent version of PHP 7,

however I will be using the stable 5.6 one.

If during the installation process of XAMPP or after running a file from the main

folder xampp-control.exe and clicking Start next to Apache we get an error with the

following message:

The program can't start because api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1.0.dll is missing from your computer

then we would need to install additional C++ libraries: Redistribution package 2008

and Redistribution package 2015. Both of these libraries are available here:

http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx ↪ ?id=5582 and

https://www.microsoft.com/pl-pl/download/details.aspx ↪ ?id=48145 .

After the installation of these C++ libraries we need to open once more the admin

panel xampp-control.exe and click the buttons Start next to Apache and MySQL. We

should get result shown on the image 2.1.

If we notice an error with the following message:

1:14:33 PM [apache] Possible problem detected!

1:14:33 PM [apache] Port 80 in use by "c:\program files

(x86)\skype\phone\skype.exe"!

in such case we would need to go into Skype settings: Tools/Advanced/Connections

where we can uncheck the option: Use 80 and 443 ports for additional incoming calls.

databases and modifications options.

Once we would finally setup our XMAPP instance correctly, we need to install a

Composer. It is a tool in the command line, which manages all dependencies of other

projects by integrating them with our codebase. The installation of the Composer is

done through the command line; the best option is Shell, which is available in the

control panel of XAMPP. On the right-hand side there is a Shell button - click it and

then navigate to the folder php/ by typing:

cd php/

Now we can paste the following code, which will organize the installation on its own

(you can copy it from: https://getcomposer.org/download/ ):

php -r "copy('https://getcomposer.org/installer', 'composer-setup.php');"

php -r "if (hash_file('SHA384', 'composer-setup.php') ===

'e115a8dc7871f15d853148a7fbac7da27d6c0030b848d9b3dc09e2a0388afed865e6a3d6b3c0fad45c48e2b5fc1196ae')

{ echo 'Installer verified'; } else { echo 'Installer corrupt';

unlink('composer- ↪ setup.php'); } echo PHP_EOL;"

php composer-setup.php

php -r "unlink('composer-setup.php');"

If we get an information complaining about the old version:

Composer: Warning: This development build of composer is over 60 days

old. It is recommended to update it by running

"C:\ProgramData\ComposerSetup\bin\composer.phar ↪ self-update" to get the latest version. hp

then we are required to type and run:

php composer.phar self-update

Like you have already noticed, the Composer is available by calling composer.phar,

which is quite long and unfortunately local. In order to make it easier to use, we need

to go to the folder php/ in XAMPP and create a file in there with the name

composer.bar with the following contents:

@ECHO OFF

php "% ~dp0composer.phar" %*

Thanks to the lines above, we can use our new tool without any issues, wherever we

are, by simply executing the command composer.

The last thing to finish setting-up the Composer is changing to a development mode:

composer development-enable

This gives us the option to update all the related dependencies to our local project,

even these designed to be injected when in dev mode. In order to verify if our

installation was successful, we should type:

composer

plugins, psr-7, session, testing and zend-di . We are going to use these components in the

next chapters of this book, so we may as well get them now, all in one go. In the

middle of this creation process, we will be also asked about:

Please select which config file you wish to inject 'ZendDeveloperTools' into:

Forthe answer we type 1 , as we want to have the Zend configuration just in one file:

modules.config.php. To the next question:

Remember this option for other packages of the same type? (y/N)

we answer y , in order to remember our configuration choice for the other components

which might be added later in this paper.

2.4. Zend Configuration

Finally, in order to display a welcome page of Zend Framework 3, we need to

configure our fresh skeleton for the XAMPP purposes.

We could use a composer to start a server, if you are a Mac or Linux user, by

running: php –S localhost:8000 in the console, but this approach is obsolete since we use

a XAMPP approach.

By default main Front Controller file, by which every request is handled, is located in

the folder public/index.php. However, we want to call this file from the main directory

of file like: http://localhost/zend3. In order to do that, we can either modify a vhosts

file in: xampp\apache\conf\extra\httpd-vhosts.conf and add these lines:

DocumentRoot "[xampp_location]/htdocs/zf3/public"

ServerName localhost/zend3

That way we don’t have to do anything to the Zend Skeleton Application as its

designed to be ready to run without any code change.

Or we can avoid changing any apache configuration files (for instance when we have a

hosted and shared server and we don’t have an access to edit config), by creating a file:

index.php (with the content shown below) in the folder zend3/:

<?php include 'public/index.php';

It is the same approach as in Zend 1 and it has no effect on the efficiency of the new

Zend. Next, in the same directory as new file index.php, we have to create another new

file called .htaccess with below data:

SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV development

RewriteEngine On

RewriteRule .* index.php

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