Apache Solr 4.4 官方英文指南

需积分: 10 161 浏览量更新于2024-07-25 收藏 4.38MB PDF 举报

"Apache Solr 4.4 的官方英文文档，非扫描版本" Apache Solr 是一个开源的全文搜索引擎，由 Apache 软件基金会（ASF）维护，并遵循 Apache License 2.0 开源协议。该文档是针对 Solr 4.4 版本的详细参考指南，旨在帮助用户理解、安装和配置 Solr，以及实现高效的搜索功能。在入门部分，文档首先介绍了如何开始使用 Solr。这通常包括下载 Solr 二进制包，设置运行环境，以及启动和停止 Solr 服务器。Solr 的核心组件——例如索引库、请求处理器、查询解析器和过滤器——也会在此部分得到简要介绍。Solr 使用 JSON、XML 或其他格式的数据来构建索引，使得对大量文本数据进行快速检索成为可能。文档的索引部分详细说明了如何创建、更新和删除 Solr 索引。这包括使用 Solr 的数据导入工具（DIH，DataImportHandler）从关系型数据库或其他数据源导入数据，以及使用 HTTP API 进行实时索引更新。Solr 的索引优化策略和分片机制也在此部分进行讨论，这些特性使得 Solr 能够处理大规模的数据并实现高可用性和水平扩展。查询和响应部分涵盖了如何构建和执行查询，以及如何解析和定制查询结果。Solr 支持丰富的查询语法，如 Lucene 查询语法和布尔运算符，同时提供排序、高亮显示和 faceting（分类统计）等功能，以增强用户的搜索体验。此外，这部分还会介绍如何使用 Solr 的查询解析器和查询过滤器来自定义查询处理逻辑。配置和优化章节则深入到 Solr 的配置文件（如 `solrconfig.xml` 和 `schema.xml`），解释如何配置索引字段类型、分析器、缓存策略以及其他关键设置。这部分内容对于提升 Solr 性能和满足特定业务需求至关重要。安全与运维章节会讲解如何保护 Solr 集群，包括设置 SSL/TLS 加密通信、使用身份验证和授权插件，以及监控和日志记录，以确保系统的稳定运行和数据安全性。最后，Solr 的高级主题可能涉及分布式搜索、Cloud 特性（SolrCloud）和复制策略，这些都是在大型企业环境中部署 Solr 所必需的。SolrCloud 提供了 ZooKeeper 集群管理，支持自动故障转移和负载均衡，使 Solr 能够在分布式环境中高效工作。这份 Apache Solr 4.4 参考指南是学习和掌握 Solr 功能和用法的重要资料，无论是初学者还是经验丰富的开发者，都能从中受益。通过阅读和实践，你可以深入了解 Solr 的强大搜索能力，并将其应用到自己的项目中。

16Apache Solr Reference Guide 4.4

The Main Logging Screen

While this example shows logged messages for only one core, if you have multiple cores in a single instance, they will each be listed, with the

level for each.

Selecting a Logging Level

When you select the link on the left, you see theLevel

hierarchy of classpaths and classnames for your instance. A

row highlighted in yellow indicates that the class has logging

capabilities. Click on a highlighted row, and a menu will

appear to allow you to change the log level for that class.

Characters in boldface indicate that the class will not be

affected by level changes to root.

For an explanation of the various logging levels, see

.Configuring Logging

Cloud Screens

When running in SolrCloud mode, an option will appear in

the Admin UI between Logging and Core Admin for Cloud.

It's not possible at the current time to manage the nodes of

the SolrCloud cluster, but you can view them and open the Solr Admin UI on each node to view the status and statistics for the node and each

core on each node.

Click on the Cloud option in the left-hand navigation, and a small sub-menu appears with options called "Tree", "Graph", "Graph (Radial)" and

"Dump". The default view (which is "Tree") shows a graph of each core and the addresses of each node. This example shows a very simple

two-node cluster with a single core:

20Apache Solr Reference Guide 4.4
Core-Specific Tools
In the left-hand
navigation bar, you will
see a pull-down menu
titled "Core Selector".
Clicking on the menu
will show a list of Solr
cores, with a search
box that can be used
to find a specific core
(handy if you have a
lot of cores). When you
select a core, such as 
 in thecollection1
example, a secondary
menu opens under the
core name with the
administration options
available for that
particular core.
After selecting the
core, the central part of
the screen shows
Statistics and other
information about the
core you chose. You can define a file called   that includes links or other information you would like to display in the "Adminadmin-extra.html
Extra" part of this main screen.
On the left side, under the core name, are links to other screens that display information or provide options for the specific core chosen. The
core-specific options are listed below, with a link to the section of this Guide to find out more:
Analysis - lets you analyze the data found in specific fields.
Config - shows the current configuration of the   file for the core.solrconfig.xml
Dataimport - shows you information about the current status of the Data Import Handler.
Documents - provides a simple form allowing you to execute various Solr indexing commands directly from the browser.
Ping - lets you ping a named core and determine whether the core is active.
Plugins/Stats - shows statistics for plugins and other installed components.
Query - lets you submit a structured query about various elements of a core.
Replication - shows you the current replication status for the core, and lets you enable/disable replication.
Schema - describes the   file for the core.schema.xml
Schema Browser - displays schema data in a browser window.
Analysis Screen
The Analysis screen lets you inspect how data will be handled according to the field, field type and
dynamic rule configurations found in  . You can analyze how content would be handledschema.xml
during indexing or during query processing and view the results separately or at the same time. Ideally,
you would want content to be handled consistently, and this screen allows you to validate the settings
in the field type or field analysis chains.
Enter content in one or both boxes at the top of the screen, and then choose the field or field type
definitions to use for analysis.
The standard output (shown if "Verbose Output" is not checked) will display the step of the analysis and the output based on the current settings.
If you click the   check box, you see more information, including transformations to the input (such as, convert to lower case, stripVerbose Output
extra characters, etc.) and the bytes, type and detailed position information. The information displayed
will vary depending on the settings of the field or field type. Each step of the process is displayed in a
separate section, with an abbreviation for the tokenizer or filter that is applied in that step. Hover or
click on the abbreviation, and you'll see the name and path of the tokenizer or filter.
In the examples on the right (click either screenshot for a larger image), several transformations are
applied to the text string "Running is a sport." We've used the field "text", which has rules that remove
the "is" and "a" and the word "running" has been changed to its basic form, "run". This is because we
have defined the field type,   in this scenario, to remove stop words (small words that usually do not provide a great deal of context) andtext_en
"stem" terms when possible to find more possible matches (this is particularly helpful with plural forms of words). If you click the question mark
next to the   pull-down menu, the Schema Browser window will open, showing you the settings for the fieldAnalyze Fieldname/Field Type
specified.
The section   describes in detail what each option is and how it may transform your data.Understanding Analyzers, Tokenizers, and Filters