Oracle Database 10g Release 2 SQL Reference

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"Oracle PL/SQL帮助文档，虽然是外文版，但可以作为参考学习资料，包含Oracle Database SQL Reference 10g Release 2 (10.2)的主要内容，版权归属Oracle公司。" Oracle PL/SQL是Oracle数据库系统中用于构建数据库应用程序的一种编程语言，它结合了SQL的查询和数据操作能力与过程性编程语言的功能。本帮助文档是Oracle Database SQL Reference 10g Release 2的重要参考资料，尽管不是完整的中文版，但仍能为开发者提供宝贵的指导。文档由Diana Lorentz为主要作者，多位贡献者共同编纂完成，其中包括对数据库管理有深入研究的专家如Lex de Haan。此文档详细阐述了SQL在Oracle 10g版本中的使用，包括但不限于： 1. **SQL语法**：覆盖了SQL的基本语法，如SELECT语句用于数据查询，INSERT、UPDATE和DELETE用于数据的增删改操作，以及JOINs和子查询等高级特性。 2. **数据类型**：介绍了Oracle支持的各种数据类型，如NUMERIC、VARCHAR2、DATE等，以及如何声明和使用它们。 3. **索引和视图**：讲解了如何创建和管理索引以提高查询性能，以及如何创建和使用视图来抽象和重用复杂的SQL查询。 4. **PL/SQL块结构**：解释了PL/PROCEDURE、FUNCTION、PACKAGE等程序单元的定义和调用，以及异常处理和控制流程语句。 5. **游标和循环**：描述了在PL/SQL中如何使用游标进行迭代处理，以及各种类型的循环结构（WHILE、FOR等）。 6. **存储过程和函数**：详述了如何创建和使用存储过程和函数，以实现数据库中的业务逻辑和计算。 7. **触发器**：讨论了触发器的定义和用途，如在数据更改前后的自动执行。 8. **游标变量和记录类型**：展示了如何在PL/SQL中使用游标变量进行动态查询，以及如何定义和操作自定义记录类型。 9. **数据库链接和并行执行**：解释了如何跨数据库操作数据，以及如何利用并行执行提高处理效率。 10. **安全性与权限**：涵盖了用户管理、角色、权限和对象权限的概念，以及如何进行权限的分配和管理。这份文档对于理解和使用Oracle数据库的SQL和PL/SQL编程至关重要。尽管它是外文版，但对于有一定英语基础的开发者来说，仍然是一个不可多得的学习资源，尤其适合那些希望深入理解Oracle数据库操作和程序设计的人员。通过查阅和实践其中的内容，开发者能够提升在Oracle环境下的开发技能，更好地设计和优化数据库应用。

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ALTER DISKGROUP ........................................................................................................................ 10-48

ALTER FUNCTION ........................................................................................................................... 10-61

ALTER INDEX .................................................................................................................................... 10-64

ALTER INDEXTYPE .......................................................................................................................... 10-82

ALTER JAVA ........................................................................................................................................ 10-85

11 SQL Statements: ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW to ALTER SYSTEM

ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW ........................................................................................................ 11-2

ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ............................................................................................ 11-15

ALTER OPERATOR ........................................................................................................................... 11-21

ALTER OUTLINE ............................................................................................................................... 11-24

ALTER PACKAGE ............................................................................................................................. 11-26

ALTER PROCEDURE ........................................................................................................................ 11-29

ALTER PROFILE ................................................................................................................................ 11-32

ALTER RESOURCE COST ............................................................................................................... 11-35

ALTER ROLE ....................................................................................................................................... 11-38

ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT ..................................................................................................... 11-40

ALTER SEQUENCE ........................................................................................................................... 11-43

ALTER SESSION ................................................................................................................................ 11-45

Initialization Parameters and ALTER SESSION....................................................................... 11-50

Session Parameters and ALTER SESSION ............................................................................... 11-53

ALTER SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................. 11-60

Initialization Parameters and ALTER SYSTEM........................................................................ 11-72

System Parameters and ALTER SYSTEM.................................................................................. 11-83

Shared Server Parameters .................................................................................................... 11-83

12 SQL Statements: ALTER TABLE to ALTER TABLESPACE

ALTER TABLE ....................................................................................................................................... 12-2

ALTER TABLESPACE ........................................................................................................................ 12-78

13 SQL Statements: ALTER TRIGGER to COMMIT

ALTER TRIGGER ................................................................................................................................. 13-2

ALTER TYPE ......................................................................................................................................... 13-5

ALTER USER ....................................................................................................................................... 13-17

ALTER VIEW ....................................................................................................................................... 13-24

ANALYZE ............................................................................................................................................ 13-26

ASSOCIATE STATISTICS ................................................................................................................ 13-37

AUDIT .................................................................................................................................................. 13-41

CALL ..................................................................................................................................................... 13-52

COMMENT ......................................................................................................................................... 13-56

COMMIT ............................................................................................................................................. 13-58

14 SQL Statements: CREATE CLUSTER to CREATE JAVA

CREATE CLUSTER .............................................................................................................................. 14-2

CREATE CONTEXT ............................................................................................................................. 14-9

CREATE CONTROLFILE ................................................................................................................. 14-12

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CREATE DATABASE ......................................................................................................................... 14-18

CREATE DATABASE LINK ............................................................................................................. 14-31

CREATE DIMENSION ..................................................................................................................... 14-36

CREATE DIRECTORY ...................................................................................................................... 14-41

CREATE DISKGROUP ..................................................................................................................... 14-43

CREATE FUNCTION ........................................................................................................................ 14-47

CREATE INDEX ................................................................................................................................. 14-57

CREATE INDEXTYPE ....................................................................................................................... 14-80

CREATE JAVA ..................................................................................................................................... 14-83

15 SQL Statements: CREATE LIBRARY to CREATE SPFILE

CREATE LIBRARY ............................................................................................................................... 15-2

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW ..................................................................................................... 15-4

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ......................................................................................... 15-25

CREATE OPERATOR ........................................................................................................................ 15-32

CREATE OUTLINE ............................................................................................................................ 15-35

CREATE PACKAGE ........................................................................................................................... 15-39

CREATE PACKAGE BODY .............................................................................................................. 15-43

CREATE PFILE .................................................................................................................................... 15-47

CREATE PROCEDURE ..................................................................................................................... 15-49

CREATE PROFILE ............................................................................................................................. 15-54

CREATE RESTORE POINT ............................................................................................................. 15-60

CREATE ROLE .................................................................................................................................... 15-63

CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT .................................................................................................. 15-66

CREATE SCHEMA ............................................................................................................................. 15-69

CREATE SEQUENCE ........................................................................................................................ 15-71

CREATE SPFILE ................................................................................................................................. 15-75

16 SQL Statements: CREATE SYNONYM to CREATE TRIGGER

CREATE SYNONYM ........................................................................................................................... 16-2

CREATE TABLE .................................................................................................................................... 16-6

CREATE TABLESPACE ..................................................................................................................... 16-61

CREATE TRIGGER ............................................................................................................................ 16-75

17 SQL Statements: CREATE TYPE to DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT

CREATE TYPE ....................................................................................................................................... 17-3

CREATE TYPE BODY ........................................................................................................................ 17-20

CREATE USER .................................................................................................................................... 17-25

CREATE VIEW .................................................................................................................................... 17-31

DELETE ................................................................................................................................................ 17-42

DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS ........................................................................................................ 17-49

DROP CLUSTER ................................................................................................................................ 17-51

DROP CONTEXT ............................................................................................................................... 17-53

DROP DATABASE ............................................................................................................................. 17-54

DROP DATABASE LINK ................................................................................................................. 17-55

DROP DIMENSION .......................................................................................................................... 17-56

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DROP DIRECTORY .......................................................................................................................... 17-57

DROP DISKGROUP ......................................................................................................................... 17-58

DROP FUNCTION ............................................................................................................................ 17-60

DROP INDEX....................................................................................................................................... 17-62

DROP INDEXTYPE ........................................................................................................................... 17-64

DROP JAVA ......................................................................................................................................... 17-65

DROP LIBRARY ................................................................................................................................. 17-66

DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW........................................................................................................ 17-67

DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ............................................................................................. 17-69

DROP OPERATOR ............................................................................................................................ 17-71

DROP OUTLINE ................................................................................................................................ 17-72

DROP PACKAGE ............................................................................................................................... 17-73

DROP PROCEDURE ......................................................................................................................... 17-75

DROP PROFILE .................................................................................................................................. 17-76

DROP RESTORE POINT ................................................................................................................. 17-77

DROP ROLE ........................................................................................................................................ 17-78

DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT ...................................................................................................... 17-79

SQL Statements: DROP SEQUENCE to ROLLBACK

DROP SEQUENCE .............................................................................................................................. 18-2

DROP SYNONYM ............................................................................................................................... 18-3

DROP TABLE ........................................................................................................................................ 18-5

DROP TABLESPACE ........................................................................................................................... 18-9

DROP TRIGGER................................................................................................................................. 18-12

DROP TYPE ......................................................................................................................................... 18-13

DROP TYPE BODY ............................................................................................................................ 18-15

DROP USER ........................................................................................................................................ 18-16

DROP VIEW ........................................................................................................................................ 18-18

EXPLAIN PLAN .................................................................................................................................. 18-20

FLASHBACK DATABASE ................................................................................................................ 18-23

FLASHBACK TABLE ......................................................................................................................... 18-26

GRANT ................................................................................................................................................. 18-32

INSERT ................................................................................................................................................. 18-51

LOCK TABLE ...................................................................................................................................... 18-68

MERGE ................................................................................................................................................. 18-71

NOAUDIT ............................................................................................................................................ 18-76

PURGE .................................................................................................................................................. 18-80

RENAME .............................................................................................................................................. 18-82

REVOKE ............................................................................................................................................... 18-84

ROLLBACK ......................................................................................................................................... 18-92

19 SQL Statements: SAVEPOINT to UPDATE

SAVEPOINT .......................................................................................................................................... 19-2

SELECT ................................................................................................................................................... 19-4

SET CONSTRAINT[S] ...................................................................................................................... 19-48

SET ROLE ............................................................................................................................................ 19-50

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SET TRANSACTION ........................................................................................................................ 19-52

TRUNCATE ......................................................................................................................................... 19-55

UPDATE ............................................................................................................................................... 19-59

A How to Read Syntax Diagrams

Graphic Syntax Diagrams...................................................................................................................... A-1

Required Keywords and Parameters ............................................................................................ A-2

Optional Keywords and Parameters ............................................................................................. A-3

Syntax Loops...................................................................................................................................... A-3

Multipart Diagrams ......................................................................................................................... A-4

Database Objects .............................................................................................................................. A-4

B Oracle and Standard SQL

ANSI Standards ...................................................................................................................................... B-1

ISO Standards.......................................................................................................................................... B-2

Oracle Compliance To Core SQL:2003................................................................................................. B-3

Oracle Support for Optional Features of SQL/Foundation:2003.................................................... B-8

Oracle Compliance with SQL/CLI:2003............................................................................................ B-15

Oracle Compliance with SQL/PSM:2003.......................................................................................... B-15

Oracle Compliance with SQL/MED:2003 ......................................................................................... B-15

Oracle Compliance with SQL/XML:2005.......................................................................................... B-16

Oracle Compliance with FIPS 127-2 ................................................................................................. B-22

Oracle Extensions to Standard SQL .................................................................................................. B-24

Character Set Support........................................................................................................................... B-24

C Oracle Regular Expression Support

Multilingual Regular Expression Syntax .......................................................................................... C-1

Regular Expression Operator Multilingual Enhancements............................................................ C-2

Perl-influenced Extensions in Oracle Regular Expressions ........................................................... C-3

D Oracle Database Reserved Words

E Examples

Using Extensible Indexing ................................................................................................................... E-1

Using XML in SQL Statements ............................................................................................................ E-8

Index

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