iOS开发入门：从iPhone4到iPad应用实战

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"这是一本关于iPhone4开发的入门教程，主要针对初学者，通过一系列简单的实例介绍如何创建iOS应用，涵盖了iPad和iPod touch。本书将带你了解iOS SDK的基础，探讨如何利用iOS 4版本的SDK进行应用开发，并强调了这个平台的吸引力以及苹果提供的优雅且文档齐全的开发工具。书中通过构建多个小型应用程序，逐步讲解iOS应用的工作原理和构建方法，重点展示特定iOS功能的使用和交互控制。" 在《iPhone4 Development入门：探索iOS SDK》这本书中，作者Dave Mark、Jack Nutting和Jeff LaMarche为读者提供了进入iOS开发世界的全面指南。首先，书中的内容涵盖了iPhone、iPad和iPod touch的应用程序开发，这意味着你不仅可以学习到针对单一设备的知识，还能了解到跨平台开发的基本技巧。 iOS是这些设备的核心软件，以其创新性和吸引力成为近年来最具魅力的新平台。随着iOS 4 SDK的发布，开发者有了更多优化和增强应用的功能。这本书就是在这个背景下，帮助开发者理解iOS应用的工作机制，提供了一个平滑的学习曲线。书中内容分为多个章节，每个章节都会通过一个小应用实例来讲解一个或多个iOS特性。这种方式使得学习过程更加直观和实践性强。例如，你可能会学习如何使用用户界面元素，处理触摸事件，实现多任务，使用核心数据存储，或者与网络进行交互等。通过这些实例，你将逐渐掌握Objective-C编程语言，理解Xcode集成开发环境的使用，以及掌握iOS应用生命周期管理。此外，书中还会涉及到App Store的提交流程，包括应用的测试、调试和发布策略，这对于任何想要将应用推向市场的开发者来说都是至关重要的知识。你还将学习如何遵循Apple的设计指南，确保你的应用符合平台的用户体验标准。《iPhone4 Development入门》是一本全面的起点，无论你是编程新手还是有一定经验的开发者，都能从中受益，快速上手iOS应用开发，从而在移动开发领域迈出坚实的第一步。

CHAPTER 2: Appeasing the Tiki Gods

Figure 2–1. The Xcode welcome window. Note that if this is the first time you are running Xcode, there will be no

recent projects. This will change as you make your way through the book.

NOTE: If you have an iOS device connected to your machine, you might see a message when you

first launch Xcode asking whether you want to use that device for development. Alternatively, a

window titled Organizer, designed to list the devices you’ll be working with, might appear. For

now, click the Ignore button or, in the case of the Organizer window, close the window. If you

choose to join the paid iOS Developer Program, you will gain access to a program portal that will

tell you how to use your iOS device for development and testing.

Create a new project by selecting File ➤ New Project..., or by pressing N, which will

bring up the New Project assistant (see Figure 2–2). The pane on the left side of the

sheet is divided into two main sections: iOS and Mac OS X.

CHAPTER 2: Appeasing the Tiki Gods

Your project window features a toolbar across the top, which gives you ready access to

a lot of commonly used commands. Below the toolbar, the window is divided into three

main sections, or panes.

The pane that runs down the left side of the window is called the Groups & Files pane.

All of the resources that make up your project are grouped here, as are a number of

relevant project settings. Just as in the Finder, clicking the little triangle to the left of an

item expands that item to show available subitems. Click the triangle again to hide the

subitems.

The top-right pane is called the Detail View (or just Detail pane) and shows you detailed

information about items selected in the Groups & Files pane. The lower-right pane is

called the Editor pane. If you select a single file in either the Groups & Files or Detail

pane and Xcode knows how to display that kind of file, the contents of the file will be

displayed in the Editor pane. Editable files, such as source code, can also be edited

here. In fact, this is where you will be writing and editing your application’s source code.

Now that we have the terminology out of the way, take a look at the Groups & Files

pane. The first item in the list should bear the same name as your project, in this case,

Hello World. This item is the gathering point for the source code and the other resources

specific to your project. For the time being, don’t worry about the items in the Groups &

Files pane except those under Hello World.

Take a look at Figure 2–4. Note that the disclosure triangle to the left of Hello World is

open, and there are five subfolders: Classes, Other Sources, Resources, Frameworks,

and Products. Let’s briefly talk about what each subfolder is used for:

 Classes is where you will spend much of your time. This is where most

of the code that you write will go, since this is where all Objective-C

classes rightfully belong. You are free to create subfolders under the

Classes folder to help organize your code. We’ll be using this folder

starting in the next chapter.

 Other Sources contains source code files that aren’t Objective-C

classes. Typically, you won’t spend a lot of time in the Other Sources

folder. When you create a new iPhone application project, there are

two files in this folder:



Hello_World_Prefix.pch: The extension .pch stands for

“precompiled header.” This is a list of header files from external

frameworks that are used by our project. Xcode will precompile

the headers contained in this file, which will reduce the amount

of time it takes to compile your project whenever you select Build

or Build and Go. It will be a while before you have to worry about

this, because the most commonly used header files are already

included for you.

 main.m: This is where your application’s main() function is. You

normally won’t need to edit or change this file.

CHAPTER 2: Appeasing the Tiki Gods

 Resources contains noncode files that will be included as part of your

application. This is where you will include files such as your

application’s icon image and other images, sound files, movie files,

text files, or property lists that your program may need while it’s

running. Remember, since your application runs in its own sandbox,

you will have to include any files you need here, because you won’t be

able to access files located elsewhere on the iPhone except through

sanctioned APIs, such as the ones that provide access to the iPhone’s

photo library and address book. There should be three items in this

folder:

 Hello_WorldViewController.xib: This file contains information

used by the program Interface Builder, which we’ll take for a spin

a bit later in this chapter.

 MainWindow.xib: This is your application’s main Interface Builder

(or “nib”) file. In a simple application like the one we’re building in

this chapter, there’s often no need to touch this file. In later

chapters, when we design more complex interfaces, we will work

with this file and look at it in more depth.

 Hello_World-Info.plist: This is a property list that contains

information about our application. We’ll look at this file a little bit

later in the chapter too.

 Frameworks are a special kind of library that can contain code as well

as resources such as image and sound files. Any framework or library

that you add to this folder will be linked in to your application, and your

code will be able to use objects, functions, and resources contained in

that framework or library. The most commonly needed frameworks

and libraries are linked in to our project by default, so most of the time,

we will not need to do anything with this folder. Less commonly used

libraries and frameworks, however, are not included by default, and

you will see how to link to them into an application later in this book.

 Products contains the application that this project produces when it is

compiled. If you expand Products, you’ll see an item called Hello

World.app. This is the application that this particular project creates.

Hello World.app is this project’s only product. Right now, Hello

World.app is listed in red, which means that the file cannot be found,

which makes sense, since we haven’t compiled our project yet!

Highlighting a file’s name in red is Xcode’s way of telling us that it

can’t find the underlying physical file.

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