LATEX 2ε快速入门：科学数学文档排版

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"The Not So Short Introduction to LATEX 2ε" 是一本关于LATEX 2ε的教程，作者是Tobias Oetiker、Hubert Partl、Irene Hyna和Elisabeth Schlegl。这本书旨在提供一个简明但全面的LATEX入门指南，适用于科学和数学文档的高质量排版，同时也适用于各种其他类型的文档，从简单的信件到完整的书籍。LATEX基于TEX作为其排版引擎。 LATEX是一种基于TEX的排版系统，它允许用户专注于内容，而无需关心格式细节。在科学和数学领域，LATEX尤其受欢迎，因为它能够方便地处理复杂的公式、符号和专业术语。LATEX 2ε是LATEX的一个版本，它引入了更多的功能和改进，以提高用户体验和文档的灵活性。本教程涵盖了LATEX的基础知识，如文档结构、命令语法、宏包的使用、章节和段落的管理、标题、列表、表格、图形的插入、引用管理和索引生成等。此外，它还介绍了如何编译和调试LATEX文档，以及如何创建自定义命令和环境以提高效率。 LATEX的一大优点是可扩展性，通过各种宏包（如amsmath用于数学公式，graphicx用于图像处理，natbib用于引用管理等），用户可以定制文档的外观和功能。尽管这本指南可能不足以覆盖所有的LATEX系统细节，但它提供了一个良好的起点，使得初学者可以快速上手并开始使用LATEX编写高质量的文档。对于那些希望深入了解LATEX系统的读者，书中的参考文献[1, 3]提供了更详尽的信息。LATEX社区还提供了丰富的在线资源，如CTAN（Comprehensive TEX Archive Network）和StackExchange的TeX - LaTeX板块，这些都可以作为进一步学习和解决问题的宝贵资源。最后，该教程遵循GNU General Public License发布，这意味着任何人都可以自由地分发和修改文档，但需遵守GPL的条款，确保开源和自由使用的精神得以延续。没有收到GPL副本的读者可以直接联系Free Software Foundation获取。 "The Not So Short Introduction to LATEX 2ε" 是一份非常适合初学者和有一定经验的LATEX用户的学习资料，它将帮助读者掌握LATEX的基本概念和技巧，从而制作出专业级别的文档。

2 Things You Need to Know

1.1.2 L

X enables authors to typeset and print their work at the highest typo-

graphical quality, using a predeﬁned, professional layout. L

X was origi-

nally written by Leslie Lamport [1]. It uses the T

X formatter as its type-

setting engine. These days L

X is maintained by Frank Mittelbach.

X is pronounced “Lay-tech” or “Lah-tech.” If you refer to L

X in

an ASCII environment, you type LaTeX. L

X 2

is pronounced “Lay-tech

two e” and typed LaTeX2e.

1.2 Basics

1.2.1 Author, Book Designer, and Typesetter

To publish something, authors give their typed manuscript to a publishing

company. One of their book designers then decides the layout of the docu-

ment (column width, fonts, space before and after headings, . . . ). The book

designer writes his instructions into the manuscript and then gives it to a

typesetter, who typesets the book according to these instructions.

A human book designer tries to ﬁnd out what the author had in mind

while writing the manuscript. He decides on chapter headings, citations,

examples, formulae, etc. based on his professional knowledge and from the

contents of the manuscript.

In a L

X environment, L

X takes the role of the book designer and

uses T

X as its typesetter. But L

X is “only” a program and therefore

needs more guidance. The author has to provide additional information to

describe the logical structure of his work. This information is written into

the text as “L

X commands.”

This is quite diﬀerent from the WYSIWYG

approach that most modern

word processors, such as MS Word or Corel WordPerfect, take. With these

applications, authors specify the document layout interactively while typing

text into the computer. They can see on the screen how the ﬁnal work will

look when it is printed.

When using L

X it is not normally possible to see the ﬁnal output

while typing the text, but the ﬁnal output can be previewed on the screen

after processing the ﬁle with L

X. Then corrections can be made before

actually sending the document to the printer.

1.2.2 Layout Design

Typographical design is a craft. Unskilled authors often commit serious

formatting errors by assuming that book design is mostly a question of

aesthetics—“If a document looks good artistically, it is well designed.” But

What you see is what you get.

1.2 Basics 3

as a document has to be read and not hung up in a picture gallery, the

readability and understandability is much more important than the beautiful

look of it. Examples:

• The font size and the numbering of headings have to be chosen to

make the structure of chapters and sections clear to the reader.

• The line length has to be short enough not to strain the eyes of the

reader, while long enough to ﬁll the page beautifully.

With WYSIWYG systems, authors often generate aesthetically pleasing

documents with very little or inconsistent structure. L

X prevents such

formatting errors by forcing the author to declare the logical structure of his

document. L

X then chooses the most suitable layout.

1.2.3 Advantages and Disadvantages

When people from the WYSIWYG world meet people who use L

X, they

often discuss “the advantages of L

X over a normal word processor” or the

opposite. The best thing you can do when such a discussion starts is to keep

a low proﬁle, since such discussions often get out of hand. But sometimes

you cannot escape . . .

So here is some ammunition. The main advantages of L

X over normal

word processors are the following:

• Professionally crafted layouts are available, which make a document

really look as if “printed.”

• The typesetting of mathematical formulae is supported in a convenient

way.

• Users only need to learn a few easy-to-understand commands that

specify the logical structure of a document. They almost never need

to tinker with the actual layout of the document.

• Even complex structures such as footnotes, references, table of con-

tents, and bibliographies can be generated easily.

• Free add-on packages exist for many typographical tasks not directly

supported by basic L

X. For example, packages are available to

include PostScript graphics or to typeset bibliographies conforming

to exact standards. Many of these add-on packages are described in

The L

X Companion [3].

• L

X encourages authors to write well-structured texts, because this

is how L

X works—by specifying structure.

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