高性能MySQL第三版影印版PDF技术指南

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《高性能MySQL 第三版》是一本经典的IT技术书籍，由 Baron Schwartz、Peter Zaitsev 和 Vadim Tkachenko 合著，于2012年出版。该书专注于 MySQL 数据库的性能优化和管理，是数据库管理员、系统架构师以及高级开发人员必备的参考资料。第三版是对前两版的升级，旨在帮助读者理解和解决在高并发、大数据量环境中 MySQL 的挑战。本书的核心内容包括但不限于以下几点： 1. MySQL体系结构与原理：深入解析 MySQL 的工作原理，包括查询解析、存储引擎、事务处理等，帮助读者理解底层机制。 2. 性能调优基础：介绍如何分析查询性能瓶颈，包括索引设计、查询优化、缓存策略等，为提升数据库响应速度提供策略。 3. 高可用性和扩展性：探讨集群配置、复制技术、分区和分片方法，确保系统的稳定性和可扩展性。 4. 内存管理和性能优化：讨论如何有效地利用内存，如缓冲池、内存锁定、内存分配策略，以提高查询执行效率。 5. 并发控制与锁机制：讲解事务隔离级别、行级锁定和表级锁定，帮助读者理解并发环境下的数据一致性问题。 6. 存储引擎比较：对 MyISAM、InnoDB、Memory 等常见存储引擎进行分析，选择适合特定场景的引擎。 7. 实时分析与监控：介绍如何通过监控工具和技术来诊断和预防性能问题，如慢查询日志、系统监控指标等。 8. 实战案例与最佳实践：书中包含大量实际案例和实践经验，提供了解决实际问题的实用技巧。 9. 最新版本特性和更新：第三版更新了针对 MySQL 5.x 和 6.x 版本的新功能和改进，反映了最新的技术发展。作为一本权威的指南，它不仅适用于初级用户了解 MySQL 基础，也适合经验丰富的专业人士深入学习和实践。通过阅读这本书，读者能够提升 MySQL 系统的整体性能，应对日益增长的数据挑战，适应不断变化的 IT 环境。同时，它还提供了持续学习和跟上 MySQL 技术发展的良好资源。如果你正在寻求提升 MySQL 性能的深入知识，这本书无疑是值得投资的宝贵资源。

E. Debugging Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735

F. Using Sphinx with MySQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 771

xiv | Table of Contents

Foreword

I’ve been a fan of this book for years, and the third edition makes a great book even

better. Not only do world-class experts share that expertise, but they have taken the

time to update and add chapters with high-quality writing. While the book has many

details on getting high performance from MySQL, the focus of the book is on the pro-

cess of improvement rather than facts and trivia. This book will help you figure out

how to make things better, regardless of changes in MySQL’s behavior over time.

The authors are uniquely qualified to write this book, based on their experience, prin-

cipled approach, focus on efficiency, and commitment to improvement. By experi-

ence, I mean that the authors have been working on MySQL performance from the days

when it didn’t scale and had no instrumentation to the current period where things are

much better. By principled approach, I mean that they treat this like a science, first

defining problems to be solved and then using reason and measurement to solve those

problems.

I am most impressed by their focus on efficiency. As consultants, they don’t have the

luxury of time. Clients getting billed by the hour want problems solved quickly. So the

authors have defined processes and built tools to get things done correctly and effi-

ciently. They describe the processes in this book and publish source code for the tools.

Finally, they continue to get better at what they do. This includes a shift in concern

from throughput to response time, a commitment to understanding the performance

of MySQL on new hardware, and a pursuit of new skills like queueing theory that can

be used to understand performance.

I believe this book augurs a bright future for MySQL. As MySQL has evolved to support

demanding workloads, the authors have led a similar effort to improve the under-

standing of MySQL performance within the community. They have also contributed

directly to that improvement via XtraDB and XtraBackup. I continue to learn from them

and hope you take the time to do so as well.

—Mark Callaghan, Software Engineer, Facebook

Preface

We wrote this book to serve the needs of not just the MySQL application developer

but also the MySQL database administrator. We assume that you are already relatively

experienced with MySQL. We also assume some experience with general system ad-

ministration, networking, and Unix-like operating systems.

The second edition of this book presented a lot of information to readers, but no book

can provide complete coverage of a topic. Between the second and third editions, we

took notes on literally thousands of interesting problems we’d solved or seen others

solve. When we started to outline the third edition, it became clear that not only would

full coverage of these topics require three to five thousand pages, but the book still

wouldn’t be complete. After reflecting on this problem, we realized that the second

edition’s emphasis on deep coverage was actually self-limiting, in the sense that it often

didn’t teach readers how to think about MySQL.

As a result, this third edition has a different focus from the second edition. We still

convey a lot of information, and we still emphasize the same goals, such as reliability

and correctness. But we’ve also tried to imbue the book with a deeper purpose: we want

to teach the principles of why MySQL works as it does, not just the facts about how it

works. We’ve included more illustrative stories and case studies, which demonstrate

the principles in action. We build on these to try to answer questions such as “Given

MySQL’s internal architecture and operation, what practical effects arise in real usage?

Why do those effects matter? How do they make MySQL well suited (or not well suited)

for particular needs?”

Ultimately, we hope that your knowledge of MySQL’s internals will help you in situa-

tions beyond the scope of this book. And we hope that your newfound insight will help

you to learn and practice a methodical approach to designing, maintaining, and trou-

bleshooting systems that are built on MySQL.

How This Book Is Organized

We fit a lot of complicated topics into this book. Here, we explain how we put them

together in an order that makes them easier to learn.

xvii

A Broad Overview

Chapter 1, MySQL Architecture and History is dedicated to the basics—things you’ll

need to be familiar with before you dig in deeply. You need to understand how MySQL

is organized before you’ll be able to use it effectively. This chapter explains MySQL’s

architecture and key facts about its storage engines. It helps you get up to speed if you

aren’t familiar with some of the fundamentals of a relational database, including trans-

actions. This chapter will also be useful if this book is your introduction to MySQL but

you’re already familiar with another database, such as Oracle. We also include a bit of

historical context: the changes to MySQL over time, recent ownership changes, and

where we think it’s headed.

Building a Solid Foundation

The early chapters cover material we hope you’ll reference over and over as you use

MySQL.

Chapter 2, Benchmarking MySQL discusses the basics of benchmarking—that is, de-

termining what sort of workload your server can handle, how fast it can perform certain

tasks, and so on. Benchmarking is an essential skill for evaluating how the server be-

haves under load, but it’s also important to know when it’s not useful.

Chapter 3, Profiling Server Performance introduces you to the response time–oriented

approach we take to troubleshooting and diagnosing server performance problems.

This framework has proven essential to solving some of the most puzzling cases we’ve

seen. Although you might choose to modify our approach (we developed it by modi-

fying Cary Millsap’s approach, after all), we hope you’ll avoid the pitfalls of not having

any method at all.

In Chapters 4 through 6, we introduce three topics that together form the foundation

for a good logical and physical database design. In Chapter 4, Optimizing Schema and

Data Types, we cover the various nuances of data types and table design. Chapter 5,

Indexing for High Performance extends the discussion to indexes—that is, physical

database design. A firm understanding of indexes and how to use them well is essential

for using MySQL effectively, so you’ll probably find yourself returning to this chapter

repeatedly. And Chapter 6, Query Performance Optimization wraps the topics together

by explaining how MySQL executes queries and how you can take advantage of its

query optimizer’s strengths. This chapter also presents specific examples of many com-

mon classes of queries, illustrating where MySQL does a good job and how to transform

queries into forms that use its strengths.

Up to this point, we’ve covered the basic topics that apply to any database: tables,

indexes, data, and queries. Chapter 7, Advanced MySQL Features goes beyond the

basics and shows you how MySQL’s advanced features work. We examine topics such

as partitioning, stored procedures, triggers, and character sets. MySQL’s implementa-

tion of these features is different from other databases, and a good understanding of

xviii | Preface

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