IEEE Std 1003.1-2008: POSIX操作系统接口标准

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"IEEE POSIX Base Specifications, Issue 7-1003.1-2004-Edition" IEEEStd1003.1-2008是POSIX（Portable Operating System Interface）标准的第七版，也被称为POSIX.1-2008。这个标准是由IEEE（电气和电子工程师协会）和The Open Group共同制定，旨在定义一个可移植操作系统接口，以促进不同操作系统之间的兼容性和互操作性。POSIX标准基于UNIX系统，但不仅限于UNIX，它也为其他操作系统提供了统一的API（应用程序编程接口）和Shell命令语言。 POSIX.1-2008包含了对操作系统接口和环境的标准化规定，其中包括一个命令解释器（或称为“shell”），以及一组系统调用和库函数。这些规范确保了跨平台的软件开发能够顺利进行，因为开发者可以依赖于一致的编程模型。标准涵盖了诸如文件系统、进程管理、网络通信、信号处理、错误处理和时间管理等关键领域。标准的"Base Specifications, Issue 7"意味着它是POSIX标准系列的核心部分，涵盖了最基本和最核心的操作系统功能。此版本是对2004年发布的IEEE Std 1003.1-2004的修订，反映了技术的发展和社区的反馈，以保持标准的现代性和实用性。在POSIX.1-2008中，开发者可以找到如下的关键组件： 1. **Shell**：标准定义了一个命令行界面，即Bourne-Again SHell (bash)，用于用户与操作系统交互，执行命令和脚本。 2. **System Calls**：一组低级别的接口，允许应用程序直接与操作系统内核通信，例如创建进程、打开和关闭文件、读写数据等。 3. **C Language Library**：一组库函数，如I/O操作、字符串处理、数学运算等，与系统调用一起构成了开发者的工具箱。 4. **POSIX标识符**：标准为各种系统对象（如文件、目录、设备等）定义了独特的命名和访问规则。 5. **线程和同步**：支持多线程编程，包括线程创建、同步机制（如互斥锁和条件变量）以及线程间通信。此标准对于操作系统开发者、系统管理员和软件工程师至关重要，因为它设定了一个通用的框架，使得应用可以在多个操作系统上无缝运行。同时，它也是开源软件项目和企业级软件开发的标准参考，确保了跨平台的兼容性和一致性。 POSIX.1-2008是信息技术领域的一个里程碑，它定义了操作系统接口的国际标准，促进了软件的可移植性和互操作性，对于推动全球IT行业的标准化和进步具有深远影响。

The Open Group

When The Open Group approved the Base Specifications, Issue 7 on 24 July 2008, the membership of the Base Working

Group was as follows:

Andrew Josey, Chair

Mark S. Brown, Vice Chair and Austin Group Liaison

Cathy Fox, Technical Editor

Base Working Group Members

Basabi Bhattacharya Donald W. Cragun Robbin Kawabata

Mark S. Brown Ulrich Drepper Craig Mohrman

David Butenhof Lawrence D.K.B. Dwyer Nicholas Stoughton

April Chin Cynthia Eastham William L. Toth

Geoff Clare Roger Faulkner Kenjiro Tsuji

David N. Clissold Carol Fields Kevin Van Vechten

Contents

Volume 1 Base Deﬁnitions, Issue 7............................................................. 1

Chapter 1 Introduction........................................................................................... 3

1.1 Scope ......................................................................................................... 3

1.2 Conformance............................................................................................ 4

1.3 Normative References ............................................................................ 4

1.4 Change History ....................................................................................... 5

1.5 Terminology ............................................................................................. 5

1.6 Deﬁnitions and Concepts....................................................................... 6

1.7 Portability................................................................................................. 6

1.7.1 Codes ..................................................................................................... 7

1.7.2 Margin Code Notation ........................................................................ 13

Chapter 2 Conformance......................................................................................... 15

2.1 Implementation Conformance .............................................................. 15

2.1.1 Requirements ........................................................................................ 15

2.1.2 Documentation ..................................................................................... 16

2.1.3 POSIX Conformance ............................................................................ 16

2.1.4 XSI Conformance ................................................................................. 19

2.1.5 Option Groups ...................................................................................... 20

2.1.6 Options .................................................................................................. 26

2.2 Application Conformance ...................................................................... 29

2.2.1 Strictly Conforming POSIX Application........................................... 29

2.2.2 Conforming POSIX Application ........................................................ 30

2.2.3 Conforming POSIX Application Using Extensions......................... 30

2.2.4 Strictly Conforming XSI Application ................................................ 30

2.2.5 Conforming XSI Application Using Extensions .............................. 31

2.3 Language-Dependent Services for the C Programming

Language .................................................................................................. 31

2.4 Other Language-Related Speciﬁcations............................................... 31

Chapter 3 Deﬁnitions.............................................................................................. 33

3.1 Abortive Release ...................................................................................... 33

3.2 Absolute Pathname ................................................................................. 33

3.3 Access Mode ............................................................................................ 33

3.4 Additional File Access Control Mechanism........................................ 33

3.5 Address Space.......................................................................................... 33

3.6 Advisory Information ............................................................................. 34

3.7 Afﬁrmative Response ............................................................................. 34

3.8 Alert .......................................................................................................... 34

3.9 Alert Character (<alert>)........................................................................ 34

3.10 Alias Name ............................................................................................... 34

3.11Alignment ................................................................................................ 35

3.12 Alternate File Access Control Mechanism .......................................... 35

Contents

3.13 Alternate Signal Stack............................................................................. 35

3.14 Ancillary Data .......................................................................................... 35

3.15 Angle Brackets ......................................................................................... 35

3.16 Apostrophe Character (<apostrophe>) ................................................ 35

3.17 Application............................................................................................... 35

3.18 Application Address ............................................................................... 36

3.19 Application Program Interface (API)................................................... 36

3.20 Appropriate Privileges........................................................................... 36

3.21 Argument ................................................................................................. 36

3.22 Arm (a Timer) .......................................................................................... 36

3.23 Asterisk Character (<asterisk>) ............................................................ 36

3.24 Async-Cancel-Safe Function .................................................................. 36

3.25 Asynchronous Events............................................................................. 37

3.26 Asynchronous Input and Output ......................................................... 37

3.27 Async-Signal-Safe Function ................................................................... 37

3.28 Asynchronously-Generated Signal....................................................... 37

3.29 Asynchronous I/O Completion............................................................ 37

3.30 Asynchronous I/O Operation............................................................... 37

3.31 Authentication......................................................................................... 37

3.32 Authorization .......................................................................................... 38

3.33 Background Job ....................................................................................... 38

3.34 Background Process ................................................................................ 38

3.35 Background Process Group (or Background Job)............................... 38

3.36 Backquote Character ............................................................................... 38

3.37 Backslash Character (<backslash>) ...................................................... 38

3.38 Backspace Character (<backspace>) .................................................... 38

3.39 Barrier ....................................................................................................... 39

3.40 Basename.................................................................................................. 39

3.41 Basic Regular Expression (BRE)............................................................ 39

3.42 Batch Access List ..................................................................................... 39

3.43 Batch Administrator ............................................................................... 39

3.44 Batch Client .............................................................................................. 39

3.45 Batch Destination .................................................................................... 40

3.46 Batch Destination Identiﬁer................................................................... 40

3.47 Batch Directive ......................................................................................... 40

3.48 Batch Job ................................................................................................... 40

3.49 Batch Job Attribute.................................................................................. 40

3.50 Batch Job Identiﬁer.................................................................................. 40

3.51 Batch Job Name ....................................................................................... 41

3.52 Batch Job Owner...................................................................................... 41

3.53 Batch Job Priority .................................................................................... 41

3.54 Batch Job State ......................................................................................... 41

3.55 Batch Name Service ................................................................................ 41

3.56 Batch Name Space................................................................................... 41

3.57 Batch Node ............................................................................................... 42

3.58 Batch Operator ......................................................................................... 42

3.59 Batch Queue ............................................................................................. 42

3.60 Batch Queue Attribute............................................................................ 42

3.61 Batch Queue Position ............................................................................. 42

3.62 Batch Queue Priority .............................................................................. 42

3.63 Batch Rerunability ................................................................................... 43

3.64 Batch Restart ............................................................................................ 43

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