实践指南：GWT入门精要

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"GWT in Practice 是一本关于Google Web Toolkit (GWT)的入门书籍，由Robert Cooper和Charles Collins合著，由Manning出版社出版。这本书深入浅出地介绍了GWT的相关知识和技术，旨在帮助读者掌握如何在实际项目中应用GWT。" GWT（Google Web Toolkit）是一个开源的开发工具包，它允许开发者使用Java语言来编写前端Web应用程序，然后自动编译成优化的JavaScript代码。GWT的核心理念是通过提供一套强大的开发框架和工具，使得Java开发者能够利用他们熟悉的语言和环境构建高性能、跨浏览器的Web应用。在《GWT in Practice》一书中，作者可能涵盖了以下关键知识点： 1. **GWT简介**：介绍GWT的基本概念、工作原理和优势，包括其对Java开发者的友好性，以及通过AJAX技术实现的高效客户端-服务器通信。 2. **开发环境设置**：详细讲解如何配置开发环境，包括安装SDK、集成IDE（如Eclipse或IntelliJ IDEA），以及设置调试环境。 3. **模块化系统**：介绍GWT的模块化系统，包括创建、管理和组织项目的最佳实践。 4. **用户界面构建**：讲解GWT的Widget库，如何使用这些控件创建交互式的用户界面，以及布局管理器的使用。 5. **异步通信（RPC）**：详述GWT的Remote Procedure Call机制，用于在客户端和服务器之间进行数据交换，以及处理异步回调。 6. **本地存储和持久化**：探讨GWT如何处理客户端的数据存储，包括使用History API、Cookie和HTML5的localStorage与sessionStorage。 7. **国际化和本地化**：介绍如何在GWT应用中支持多语言，以及适应不同地区的文化差异。 8. **性能优化**：分享优化GWT应用的策略，如代码分割、延迟加载和压缩，以提高加载速度和运行效率。 9. **测试和调试**：讲解单元测试、集成测试以及使用GWT的模拟（模拟器）进行调试的方法。 10. **最佳实践和案例研究**：提供实际项目中的应用示例，展示如何有效利用GWT解决实际问题。这本书不仅适合初学者，也对有一定经验的GWT开发者提供了有价值的见解和技巧。通过阅读《GWT in Practice》，读者可以全面了解GWT，并具备使用GWT开发高质量Web应用的能力。

ABOUT THIS BOOK xv

involves, including data binding and using the Java Persistence API (JPA) with GWT to

persist data in a database.

Chapter 5 concentrates on talking to servers using mechanisms other than

GWT RPC.

Here we discuss JavaScript-to-Java details, the usage of JavaScript Object Notation

(

JSON), browser security, and the same-origin policy. This is also where we utilize Repre-

sentational State Transfer (

REST) and XML over HTTP. We conclude by running a Simple

Object Access Protocol (

SOAP) example from a GWT client (using Flash), and incorpo-

rating applets. This chapter runs the gamut in terms of ways to expose

GWT clients to

data, and it demonstrates the flexibility you have when working with

GWT in general.

Chapter 6 then goes on to take a close look at the

GWT JavaScript Native Interface

(

JSNI) mechanism, and the GWT-API-Interop library. Both of these are used to inte-

grate existing JavaScript libraries with

GWT.

In chapter 7 we focus on building, packaging, and deploying

GWT applications

with both client- and server-side components. Here we discuss creating and sharing

GWT projects as libraries and creating deployable Web Application Archive (WAR)

files. This is also where we first touch on using an automated build with

GWT, and we

cover the use of both Ant and Maven.

We put the automated build technique to further use in chapter 8, where we cover

continuous integration and testing. Testing has some unique aspects in

GWT, and

some complications involving performance, code coverage, and remote testing, all of

which are addressed here.

Then we move on to the third part of the book, “Dirty Hands.” As the title of this

part implies, this is where we roll up our sleeves and crank out some non-trivial exam-

ple applications. In chapter 9 we cover the use of Data Transfer Objects (

DTOs) as part

of the

GWT application model. Here we discuss the integration of server-side libraries

such as Spring, and we build out an Ajax-enabled administrative

CRUD (Create Read

Update Delete) interface for a bookstore.

In chapter 10 we continue the sample application from chapter 9 and add the

user-facing storefront. We further discuss security and the concept of roles, and then

we add some eye candy by creating a drag-and-drop system for

GWT. We also discuss

JSNI special effects.

In chapter 11 we get into another sample application, this time a screen-sharing

example that utilizes the Comet push technique. In this example, we deal with appli-

cation state using the

GWT history mechanism, and we also cope with state on the

server side.

Finally, we conclude the book with two appendices that provide valuable reference

information. Appendix A describes many impressive third-party

GWT applications or

libraries that you can use to enhance or extend your own applications. Appendix B is

a general reference that includes

GWT tools and options, definitions for GWT module

descriptor and host page elements, a list of emulated

JRE classes available with GWT, a

description of

GWT serializable types, and a list of common user interface widgets and

the event handling they support.

ABOUT THIS BOOKxvi

Code conventions

In the text, the names of classes, keywords, interfaces, XML elements, code, and other

code-related terms are presented in a

monospace

font

. In longer code examples, some

lines have been reformatted to fit within the available space on the page. Additionally,

some lines of code were so long that they simply couldn’t be represented and we have

truncated them with the

[...]

signifier and noted them.

Code annotations are used in place of inline comments in the code. These high-

light important concepts or areas of the code. Some annotations appear with num-

bered bullets that are referenced later in the text. The original source code also

contains additional comments you might find of value.

Code downloads

All the code referenced in this book is available for download from www.man-

ning.com/

GWTinPractice or www.manning.com/cooper. We expect that if you are

working through the book as a practical exercise, you will download and have this

code available, as not all the code needed to run the projects is included in the text of

the book.

Once you have unzipped the example source distribution, you will find it orga-

nized by chapter. Each chapter’s folder contains a readme.txt file that provides spe-

cific setup instructions or considerations for working with that code. There is also a

top-level file that provides a detailed overview of the project layout conventions.

The example code works for Mac, Windows, and Linux users. To get started, you

should set up two environment variables:

JAVA_HOME

(if you don’t have it set by

default), and

GWT_HOME

. These can be set using the

set

command on Windows, or

export

on Mac OS X or Linux.

Author Online

The purchase of GWT in Practice includes free access to a private forum run by Man-

ning Publications where you can make comments about the book, ask technical ques-

tions, and receive help from the authors and other users. You can access and subscribe

to the forum at www.manning.com/

GWTinPractice. This page provides information

on how to get on the forum once you are registered, what kind of help is available,

and the rules of conduct in the forum.

Manning’s commitment to our readers is to provide a venue where a meaningful

dialogue between individual readers and between readers and the authors can take

place. It’s not a commitment to any specific amount of participation on the part of the

authors, whose contribution to the book’s forum remains voluntary (and unpaid). We

suggest you try asking the authors some challenging questions, lest their interest stray!

The Author Online forum and the archives of previous discussions will be accessi-

ble from the publisher’s website as long as the book is in print.

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