PIC18F452芯片数据手册：高性能增强型FLASH微控制器

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"pic18f452单片机芯片技术文档，涵盖了其在电子硬件开发中的应用。" 本文档是Microchip Technology Inc.发布的关于PIC18F452微控制器的数据手册，该芯片是一款高性能、增强型Flash内存的微控制器，配备有10位模数转换器。这份资料提供了关于芯片的详细规格、功能和应用信息，对于电子硬件开发者来说具有很高的参考价值。 PIC18F452是一款8位微控制器，属于PIC18系列，它采用增强型80C51架构，拥有较高的处理性能和丰富的内置功能。该芯片的核心特性包括： 1. **Flash内存**： PIC18F452包含可编程的Flash内存，允许用户在应用中进行代码的存储和更新，提供了灵活性和便捷性。 2. **10位A/D转换器**：集成的10位模拟数字转换器（A/D）使得该芯片能够从多个模拟输入信号中获取数字数据，适用于各种传感器接口和数据采集系统。 3. **I/O端口**：具有多个可配置的输入/输出端口，可以灵活地连接外部设备和控制电路。 4. **定时器和计数器**：内置定时器和计数器功能，可用于脉冲测量、频率生成、中断源等应用。 5. **串行通信**：支持串行通信协议如SPI, I²C, UART等，方便与其他设备进行数据交换。 6. **低功耗模式**：具有节能模式，如空闲模式和掉电模式，适应不同应用场景的能效需求。 7. **编程与调试**：支持Microchip的MPLAB IDE和PICkit等开发工具进行程序编写、调试和烧录。 8. **安全特性**：可能包括加密和安全功能，用于保护代码不被非法复制或篡改。文档中强调，所提供的信息仅供参考，并且可能会随着更新而变化。用户在设计应用时需要确保满足自己的具体需求。Microchip Technology Inc.不承担任何因使用该信息或可能产生的专利侵权或其他知识产权问题的责任。此外，Microchip的产品不应用于生命维持系统的关键组件，除非得到Microchip的书面批准。文档中还提到了Microchip的一些商标，如Microchip、KEELOQ、MPLAB、PIC、PICmicro、PICSTART和PROMATE等，这些都是Microchip公司在美国和其他国家注册的商标。总体而言，PIC18F452是一款广泛应用于嵌入式系统、工业控制、家用电器、汽车电子、物联网(IoT)设备等领域的微控制器，它的强大功能和灵活性使其成为许多硬件开发者的选择。通过深入理解这份数据手册，开发者可以充分利用该芯片的各项特性，进行高效、可靠的硬件设计。

PIC18FXX2

DS39564B-page 14  2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

PORTB is a bi-directional I/O port. PORTB can be

software programmed for internal weak pull-ups on all

inputs.

RB0/INT0

RB0

INT0

33 36 8

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

External Interrupt 0.

RB1/INT1

RB1

INT1

34 37 9

I/O

TTL

ST External Interrupt 1.

RB2/INT2

RB2

INT2

35 38 10

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

External Interrupt 2.

RB3/CCP2

RB3

CCP2

36 39 11

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O.

Capture2 input, Compare2 output, PWM2 output.

RB4 37 41 14 I/O TTL Digital I/O. Interrupt-on-change pin.

RB5/PGM

RB5

PGM

38 42 15

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O. Interrupt-on-change pin.

Low Voltage ICSP programming enable pin.

RB6/PGC

RB6

PGC

39 43 16

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O. Interrupt-on-change pin.

In-Circuit Debugger and ICSP programming clock

pin.

RB7/PGD

RB7

PGD

40 44 17

I/O

TTL

Digital I/O. Interrupt-on-change pin.

In-Circuit Debugger and ICSP programming data

pin.

TABLE 1-3: PIC18F4X2 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)

Pin Name

Pin Number

Type

Buffer

Type

Description

DIP PLCC TQFP

Legend: TTL = TTL compatible input CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output

ST = Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels I = Input

O = Output P = Power

OD = Open Drain (no P diode to V

DD)

 2002 Microchip Technology Inc. DS39564B-page 17

PIC18FXX2

2.0 OSCILLATOR

CONFIGURATIONS

2.1 Oscillator Types

The PIC18FXX2 can be operated in eight different

Oscillator modes. The user can program three configu-

ration bits (FOSC2, FOSC1, and FOSC0) to select one

of these eight modes:

1. LP Low Power Crystal

2. XT Crystal/Resonator

3. HS High Speed Crystal/Resonator

4. HS + PLL High Speed Crystal/Resonator

with PLL enabled

5. RC External Resistor/Capacitor

6. RCIO External Resistor/Capacitor with

I/O pin enabled

7. EC External Clock

8. ECIO External Clock with I/O pin

enabled

2.2 Crystal Oscillator/Ceramic

Resonators

In XT, LP, HS or HS+PLL Oscillator modes, a crystal or

ceramic resonator is connected to the OSC1 and

OSC2 pins to establish oscillation. Figure 2-1 shows

the pin connections.

The PIC18FXX2 oscillator design requires the use of a

parallel cut crystal.

FIGURE 2-1: CRYSTAL/CERAMIC

RESONATOR OPERATION

(HS, XT OR LP

CONFIGURATION)

TABLE 2-1: CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR

CERAMIC RESONATORS

Note: Use of a series cut crystal may give a fre-

quency out of the crystal manufacturers

specifications.

Note 1: See Table 2-1 and Table 2-2 for

recommended values of C1 and C2.

2: A series resistor (R

S) may be required for

AT strip cut crystals.

3: R

F varies with the Oscillator mode chosen.

(1)

XTAL

OSC2

OSC1

(3)

SLEEP

Logic

PIC18FXXX

(2)

Internal

Ranges Tested:

Mode Freq C1 C2

XT 455 kHz

2.0 MHz

4.0 MHz

68 - 100 pF

15 - 68 pF

68 - 100 pF

15 - 68 pF

HS 8.0 MHz

16.0 MHz

10 - 68 pF

10 - 22 pF

10 - 68 pF

10 - 22 pF

These values are for design guidance only.

See notes following this table.

Resonators Used:

455 kHz Panasonic EFO-A455K04B ± 0.3%

2.0 MHz Murata Erie CSA2.00MG ± 0.5%

4.0 MHz Murata Erie CSA4.00MG ± 0.5%

8.0 MHz Murata Erie CSA8.00MT ± 0.5%

16.0 MHz Murata Erie CSA16.00MX ± 0.5%

All resonators used did not have built-in capacitors.

Note 1: Higher capacitance increases the stability

of the oscillator, but also increases the

start-up time.

2: When operating below 3V V

DD, or when

using certain ceramic resonators at any

voltage, it may be necessary to use

high-gain HS mode, try a lower frequency

resonator, or switch to a crystal oscillator.

3: Since each resonator/crystal has its own

characteristics, the user should consult the

resonator/crystal manufacturer for appro-

priate values of external components, or

verify oscillator performance.

PIC18FXX2

DS39564B-page 18  2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

TABLE 2-2: CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR

CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR

An external clock source may also be connected to the

OSC1 pin in the HS, XT and LP modes, as shown in

Figure 2-2.

FIGURE 2-2: EXTERNAL CLOCK INPUT

OPERATION (HS, XT OR LP

OSC CONFIGURATION)

2.3 RC Oscillator

For timing-insensitive applications, the “RC” and

“RCIO” device options offer additional cost savings.

The RC oscillator frequency is a function of the supply

voltage, the resistor (R

EXT) and capacitor (CEXT) val-

ues and the operating temperature. In addition to this,

the oscillator frequency will vary from unit to unit due to

normal process parameter variation. Furthermore, the

difference in lead frame capacitance between package

types will also affect the oscillation frequency, espe-

cially for low C

EXT values. The user also needs to take

into account variation due to tolerance of external R

and C components used. Figure 2-3 shows how the

R/C combination is connected.

In the RC Oscillator mode, the oscillator frequency

divided by 4 is available on the OSC2 pin. This signal

may be used for test purposes or to synchronize other

logic.

FIGURE 2-3: RC OSCILLATOR MODE

The RCIO Oscillator mode functions like the RC mode,

except that the OSC2 pin becomes an additional gen-

eral purpose I/O pin. The I/O pin becomes bit 6 of

PORTA (RA6).

Ranges Tested:

Mode Freq C1 C2

LP 32.0 kHz 33 pF 33 pF

200 kHz 15 pF 15 pF

XT 200 kHz 22-68 pF 22-68 pF

1.0 MHz 15 pF 15 pF

4.0 MHz 15 pF 15 pF

HS 4.0 MHz 15 pF 15 pF

8.0 MHz 15-33 pF 15-33 pF

20.0 MHz 15-33 pF 15-33 pF

25.0 MHz 15-33 pF 15-33 pF

These values are for design guidance only.

See notes following this table.

Crystals Used

32.0 kHz Epson C-001R32.768K-A ± 20 PPM

200 kHz STD XTL 200.000KHz ± 20 PPM

1.0 MHz ECS ECS-10-13-1 ± 50 PPM

4.0 MHz ECS ECS-40-20-1 ± 50 PPM

8.0 MHz Epson CA-301 8.000M-C ± 30 PPM

20.0 MHz Epson CA-301 20.000M-C ± 30 PPM

Note 1: Higher capacitance increases the stability

of the oscillator, but also increases the

start-up time.

2: Rs may be required in HS mode, as well

as XT mode, to avoid overdriving crystals

with low drive level specification.

3: Since each resonator/crystal has its own

characteristics, the user should consult the

resonator/crystal manufacturer for appro-

priate values of external components., or

verify oscillator performance.

OSC1

OSC2

Open

Clock from

Ext. System

PIC18FXXX

Note: If the oscillator frequency divided by 4 sig-

nal is not required in the application, it is

recommended to use RCIO mode to save

current.

OSC2/CLKO

CEXT

REXT

PIC18FXXX

OSC1

OSC/4

Internal

Clock

VDD

VSS

Recommended values:3 kΩ ≤ REXT ≤ 100 kΩ

CEXT > 20pF

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