wxPython 2.8快速入门：构建可靠的应用程序

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"wxPython 2.8 应用开发实战指南" 《wxPython 2.8 Application Development Cookbook》是一本面向初学者的详细教程，专为想要使用wxPython进行界面设计的开发者准备。这本书旨在帮助读者快速创建稳定、可靠且可重用的wxPython应用程序。作者Cody Precord在书中提供了丰富的实践指导。 wxPython是一种流行的GUI（图形用户界面）工具包，它基于Python编程语言，允许开发者构建与操作系统平台原生外观一致的应用程序。wxPython库提供了许多组件和控件，如按钮、文本框、列表框等，用于构建用户界面。通过学习wxPython，开发者可以利用Python的简洁性和易读性，同时享受到强大的图形界面功能。书中内容可能包括以下几个方面： 1. wxPython基础：介绍如何安装wxPython库，以及理解其基本概念，如窗口、面板、框架和事件处理。 2. 控件和布局管理器：详细讲解各种GUI控件的使用，如按钮、文本输入框、复选框、单选按钮等，并介绍如何使用布局管理器（如BoxSizer、GridSizer等）来组织这些控件，以实现灵活的界面布局。 3. 事件处理：讲述如何响应用户操作，如点击按钮、改变选择等，编写相应的事件处理器函数。 4. 对话框和文件操作：涵盖标准对话框（如打开、保存文件对话框）的使用，以及如何进行文件和目录的读写操作。 5. 复杂组件和高级特性：深入讨论高级控件，如滚动区域、菜单栏、工具栏、状态栏，以及自定义控件的创建方法。 6. 应用程序结构和生命周期：解释如何组织应用程序代码，管理窗口和线程，以及正确地初始化和关闭应用程序。 7. 主题和国际化：介绍如何改变应用程序的视觉风格以适应不同操作系统，以及支持多语言的国际化策略。 8. 实战示例：通过多个实际项目示例，让读者掌握将理论知识应用于实际开发中的技巧。 9. 性能优化和调试：提供关于提高wxPython应用性能的建议，以及如何调试和解决常见问题的方法。此书对于想要利用Python开发桌面应用的程序员来说，是一份宝贵的资源。通过阅读和实践书中的例子，读者可以迅速掌握wxPython库，从而构建出具有专业水准的图形用户界面应用程序。尽管书中内容可能已有些许过时，因为wxPython版本已经发展到更先进的版本，但基础知识和原理依然适用，对于初学者来说仍然是很好的学习材料。

iii

Table of Contents

Chapter 7: Window Layout and Design 143

Introduction 143

Using a BoxSizer 144

Understanding proportions, ags, and borders 148

Laying out controls with the GridBagSizer 152

Standard dialog button layout 154

Using XML resources 157

Making a custom resource handler 160

Using the AuiFrameManager 163

Chapter 8: Drawing to the Screen 167

Introduction 167

Screen drawing 168

Drawing shapes 171

Utilizing SystemSettings 174

Using a GraphicsContext 177

Drawing with RendererNative 180

Reducing icker in drawing routines 184

Chapter 9: Design Approaches and Techniques 187

Introduction 187

Creating Singletons 188

Implementing an observer pattern 190

Strategy pattern 194

Model View Controller 197

Using mixin classes 203

Using decorators 206

Chapter 10: Creating Components and Extending Functionality 209

Introduction 209

Customizing the ArtProvider 210

Adding controls to a StatusBar 212

Making a tool window 215

Creating a SearchBar 217

Working with ListCtrl mixins 220

StyledTextCtrl custom highlighting 222

Creating a custom control 225

Chapter 11: Using Threads and Timers to

Create Responsive Interfaces 231

Introduction 231

Non-Blocking GUI 232

Understanding thread safety 236

Preface

In today's world of desktop applications, there is a great amount of incentive to be able

to develop applications that can run in more than one environment. Currently, there are a

handful of options available for cross-platform frameworks to develop desktop applications in

Python. wxPython is one such cross-platform GUI toolkit for the Python programming language.

It allows Python programmers to create programs with a complete, highly-functional graphical

user interface, simply and easily. wxPython code style has changed quite a bit over the years,

and has become much more Pythonic. The examples that you will nd in this book are fully

up-to-date and reect this change in style. This cookbook provides you with the latest recipes

to quickly create robust, reliable, and reusable wxPython applications. These recipes will guide

you from writing simple, basic wxPython scripts all the way through complex concepts, and

also feature various design approaches and techniques in wxPython.

This book starts off by covering a variety of topics, from the most basic requirements of

a wxPython application, to some of the more in-depth details of the inner workings of

the framework, laying the foundation for any wxPython application. It then explains event

handling, basic and advanced user interface controls, interface design and layout, creating

dialogs, components, extending functionality, and so on. We conclude by learning how to build

and manage applications for distribution.

For each of the recipes, there is an introductory example, then more advanced examples,

along with plenty of example code that shows how to develop and manage user-friendly

applications. For more experienced developers, most recipes also include an additional

discussion of the solution, allowing you to further customize and enhance the component.

What this book covers

Chapter 1, Getting Started with wxPython, introduces you to the basics of creating a wxPython

application. The topics covered in this chapter will provide you with the information needed

to start building your own applications, as well as some insight into the inner workings and

structure of the framework.

Preface

Chapter 2, Responding to Events, shows how to make use of events to drive an application

and allow the user to interact with it through the user interface. This chapter starts with

an overview of what events are and how they work, and then continues on to cover how to

interact with a number of common events.

Chapter 3, Basic Building Blocks of a User Interface, discusses a number of the basic widgets

that are critical to the creation of nearly all user interfaces. You will be introduced to the usage

of widgets such as Buttons, Menus, and ToolBars in this chapter.

Chapter 4, Advanced Building Blocks of a User Interface, introduces you to some of the more

advanced widgets available in the wxPython control library. These widgets will allow you to

create tabbed interfaces and display more complex types of data in your user interface.

Chapter 5, Providing Information and Alerting Users, shows multiple techniques for keeping

the users of an application informed about what is going on and to provide them with help on

interacting with the various controls in the applications interface. This chapter will show you

how to use various tooltip controls, message boxes, and splash screens.

Chapter 6, Retrieving Information from Users, covers the use of common dialogs to retrieve

information from users in order to perform tasks such as opening les, searching text, and

even printing. As a part of the recipes for the usage of

FileDialog and FindDialogs

you will create a simple Notepad-like application.

Chapter 7, Window Layout and Design, is where you will be introduced to a number of

concepts and techniques for designing your user interfaces in wxPython. The majority of

this chapter will explain the use of Sizers to allow you to quickly implement cross-platform

user interfaces.

Chapter 8, Drawing to the Screen, gives an introduction to the basics of how a user interface

works, by showing you how to use some of the primitive tools to implement your own custom

user interface objects. This chapter will show you how to use Device Contexts to perform

custom drawing routines by creating a number of custom display controls.

Chapter 9, Design Approaches and Techniques, introduces you to a number of common

programming patterns, and explain how to apply them to wxPython applications. The information

in this chapter will provide you with an understanding of some strong approaches and

techniques to software design that will not only serve you in writing wxPython applications but

can also be generally applied to other frameworks as well, to expand your programming toolbox.

Chapter 10, Creating Components and Extending Functionality, shows you how to extend

the functionality of existing user interface components, as well as how to create your own

controls. The recipes in this chapter combine much of the information presented in Chapters

2, 7, 8, and 9 together to create new controls and to enhance the capabilities of some of the

more basic ones provided by wxPython.

Preface

Chapter 11, Using Threads and Timers to Create Responsive Interfaces, dives into the

world of concurrent programming. This chapter shows you how to create multi-threaded

applications, and covers the special care that is needed when interacting with the user

interface from worker threads in order to create stable and responsive interfaces.

Chapter 12, Building and Managing Applications for Distribution, concludes the tour of

the wxPython framework by introducing you to some useful recipes for bolstering the

infrastructure of any application that will be distributed to end users. This includes how to

store conguration information, exception handling, internationalization, and how to create

and distribute stand-alone binaries of your application.

What you need for this book

All that you will need to get started with wxPython is a good text editor for editing Python

source code. There are a number of choices available, but I will provide a shameless plug

for my own application, Editra, here since it is included in the wxPython Docs and Demo

package, as well as at http://editra.org. It is written in wxPython and provides good

syntax highlighting and auto-completion support for Python that will help you in learning the

wxPython API.

This book is primarily written for Python 2.5/2.6 and wxPython 2.8, although the content of

the book also directly applies to later versions of wxPython as well. The suggested software

to install is as follows:

1. Latest version of Python 2.6 (http://www.python.org/download/

releases/2.6/

2. Latest version of wxPython 2.8 (http://www.wxpython.org/download.php).

Who this book is for

This book is written for Python programmers wanting to develop GUI applications. A basic

knowledge of Python and object oriented programming concepts is required.

Conventions

In this book, you will nd a number of styles of text that distinguish between different kinds of

information. Here are some examples of these styles, and an explanation of their meaning.

Code words in text are shown as follows: "The App object also maintains the MainLoop, which

is used to drive a wxPython application".

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