使用React和Firebase构建快速的渐进式Web应用

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"使用React和Firebase构建闪电般的快速网络应用——渐进式Web应用(Progressive Web Apps)" 在本文中，我们将深入探讨如何利用React和Firebase技术构建具有原生应用性能的快速网络应用，即渐进式Web应用(Progressive Web Apps, PWA)。渐进式Web应用是一种介于传统Web应用和原生移动应用之间的新型应用类型，它通过一系列现代Web技术提供类似原生应用的用户体验，如离线支持、推送通知、主屏幕图标等。 React是Facebook开发的一个用于构建用户界面的JavaScript库，特别适合构建复杂的单页应用(SPA)。其主要特点是组件化，允许开发者将UI分解成独立、可复用的模块。React利用虚拟DOM(DOM的轻量级内存表示)提高了性能，减少了对实际DOM的操作，从而使得应用更加流畅。 Firebase是Google提供的一个全方位的后端服务平台，包括数据库、身份验证、存储、托管、分析等功能。在构建PWA时，Firebase的实时云数据库可以提供快速的数据同步，即使在网络条件不佳的情况下也能保证用户体验。此外，Firebase还提供了易于集成的身份验证服务，支持多种登录方式，如电子邮件/密码、社交媒体账户等。渐进式Web应用的核心特性包括： 1. **Service Worker**: 一种运行在浏览器后台的脚本，可以拦截网络请求，实现离线缓存和数据存储，使得应用在离线或弱网络环境下依然可用。 2. **Web App Manifest**: 一个JSON文件，定义了应用的元数据，如应用名称、图标、启动屏幕配置等，使得PWA可以像原生应用一样被添加到主屏幕上。 3. **HTTPS**: 所有PWA都必须基于HTTPS协议，以确保数据的安全传输，并启用Service Worker。 4. **Responsive Design**: PWA需要适应不同的设备和屏幕尺寸，提供一致的跨平台体验。 5. **App Shell Model**: 提供一个基础的应用框架（App Shell），优先加载，为用户提供即时的加载体验，随后再按需加载内容。通过结合React的前端开发优势和Firebase的后端服务，开发者可以创建出具备高性能、离线可用性、即时加载和良好用户体验的PWA。在实际开发过程中，你需要学习如何配置和使用Service Worker，编写Web App Manifest，设置HTTPS环境，以及利用Firebase的各个服务。 "Progressive Web Apps with React"这本书将引导读者掌握如何利用这些技术，构建出既快速又功能强大的网络应用，同时享受到Web和原生应用的双重优点。通过学习本书，开发者能够提升他们的Web应用开发技能，为用户提供更优质、更接近原生应用的在线体验。

Preface

Progressive Web Apps with React aims to give you everything you need to know about the

future of web development. Progressive Web Apps (PWAs) are becoming more and more

common for companies looking to leverage the best the web can offer, powered by cutting-

edge technologies that bridge the gap between web apps and native apps.

In this book, we'll leverage the power of the popular JavaScript library React.js to create a

fast and functional UI. Then, we'll add Progressive Web App features such as push

notifications and instant loading, using revolutionary new web technology. Finally, we'll

streamline our app's performance and look at how to best measure its speed.

By the end of this book, you will feel comfortable with both React and PWAs, and be ready

for the future of the web.

What this book covers

Chapter 1, Creating Our App Structure, gives a brief overview of what exactly you will be

learning to build-- a real-time chat application with push notifications and offline support.

You will get to learn about the challenges that such an app presents, and get a brief

overview of the technologies that will be discussed in this book. By the end of the chapter,

you will set up the application structure of a chat app, with HTML and CSS.

Chapter 2, Getting Started with Webpack, says that before you write any React code, you

need to set up the webpack build process. In this chapter, you will be introduced to

webpack; you will learn to install the package and set up some basic configuration as well

as get the development server running. This chapter will get you ready to jump into React.

Chapter 3, Our App's Login Page, introduces you to React time! In this chapter, you will

learn to write the first two components: an App wrapper to contain the application and a

LoginContainer. Learn about rendering with ReactDOM and JSX, and write a basic form to

allow the users to log in. By the end of this chapter, you will be familiar and comfortable

with the React syntax.

Chapter 4, Easy Backend Setup With Firebase, informs that the login form looks great, but is

lacking actual functionality. To move forward, you will need a backend database and

authentication solution to communicate with it. This chapter will introduce you to Firebase

by Google. Set up the application on the Firebase console, and then program the login and

signup functionality for the form.

Preface

[ 2 ]

Chapter 5, Routing with React, lets you know that once the user logs in, you want to redirect

them to the main chat view. Therefore, in this chapter, you will learn to build that main

view and then set up the React Router that allows the users to move between the pages.

Lastly, learn to add a third view the individual user view--and explore parameter matching

in URLs.

Chapter 6, Completing Our App, takes you through the last step in building the basic

application, adding functionality to the chat and user views. You will learn to write and

read data from Firebase, taking advantage of React life cycle methods to do so. Once that’s

done, your web application will be complete, but it’s not quite progressive yet!

Chapter 7, Adding a Service Worker, covers service workers and how they work. Here, you'll

understand how to register a custom service worker and learn about its life cycle, and then

hook into the default Firebase messaging service worker.

Chapter 8, Using a Service Worker to Send Push Notifications, teaches you to configure the app

now that our service worker is ready, to be able to send the push notifications. You will use

Firebase Cloud Messaging to manage sending these notifications, and add customization to

control how and when they are sent on desktop and mobile.

Chapter 9, Making Our App Installable with a Manifest, teaches that a manifest is a JSON file

that allows users to save your app to their home screen. You will learn to create the

manifest and understand the best practices as well as iOS-specific considerations. You will

also learn to customize your splash screen and icons.

Chapter 10, The App Shell, puts across the point of the App Shell pattern being a key

concept in PWAs, but what advantages does it bring? You will be introduced to both the

shell and the RAIL system of progressive enhancement, and then move some of you app's

layout out of React for optimal rendering.

Chapter 11, Chunking JavaScript to Optimize Performance with Webpack, explores the PRPL

pattern, its goals and methods, as well as an overview of how to achieve it in your app.

Then, you will dive in, splitting up the JavaScript into chunks based on routes, and then

lazy loading the secondary routes.

Chapter 12, Ready to Cache, walks through how you can leverage the service worker to

achieve offline capability, by understanding the new Cache API, and how to use it with

your service worker to cache the JavaScript chunks.

Chapter 13, Auditing Our App, says it's now time to check our work! In this chapter, you

will be introduced to Lighthouse and understand how to audit PWAs with Lighthouse.

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