股票波动率与预期回报的横截面研究

需积分: 16 0 下载量 123 浏览量 更新于2024-07-15 收藏 285KB PDF 举报
"这篇论文《波动性和预期收益的横截面》主要探讨了股票收益率的波动性风险在股票收益差异中的定价问题。作者包括Andrew Ang、Robert J. Hodrick、Yu Hang Xing和Xiao Yan Zhang,发表于2006年的《金融杂志》第51卷第1期。研究发现,对总体波动性创新高度敏感的股票具有较低的平均回报,而相对于Fama和French(1993)模型具有高异质性波动性的股票则表现出极低的平均回报。这些现象无法仅通过市场波动性风险、规模、账面市值比、动量和流动性的效应来解释。" 本文的核心观点是,波动性风险在股票投资中扮演着重要角色,它影响投资者预期的回报率。研究首先提及了股票回报率的波动性会随时间变化,这是一个被广泛认识的现象。以往的研究主要关注市场波动性与市场预期回报之间的时序关系,而这篇论文则将焦点转向了股票收益的横截面,即不同股票之间因波动性差异而导致的回报率差异。 作者发现,系统性波动性风险暴露较高的股票(即对市场整体波动性反应强烈的股票)平均回报偏低。这与传统的金融市场理论相一致,因为高波动性通常被视为风险的指标,投资者因此要求更高的风险补偿。然而,即使考虑了其他已知的股票特征如市场规模、账面市值比、动量效应和流动性,这种负相关性仍然存在,表明波动性风险本身是一个独立的价格决定因素。 此外,论文还指出,具有高异质性波动性的股票(即个体波动性相对于市场模型而言较大)也显示出极低的平均回报。这表明,除了市场整体风险外,股票自身的不确定性也是影响其回报的一个重要因素。这一发现挑战了Fama和French(1993)三因素模型的解释力,该模型主要考虑了市场因子、价值因子和规模因子,但未充分涵盖波动性风险的影响。 总结来说,这篇论文提供了对股票市场中波动性与预期回报关系的新见解,强调了波动性作为一个独立的风险维度在资产定价中的作用。同时,它揭示了异质性波动性对股票回报的影响,进一步拓宽了我们对金融市场的理解。这项研究对于投资策略的制定和风险管理具有重要意义,因为它提醒投资者不仅要注意市场整体的波动性,还要关注单个股票的波动特性。
2023-05-29 上传

(a) Consider the case of a European Vanilla Call option which is path independent. Examine the convergence of the Monte Carlo Method using the programme given in ‘MC Call.m’. How does the error vary with the number of paths nP aths? The current time is t = 0 and the Expiry date of the option is t = T = 0.5. Suppose that the current value of the underlying asset is S(t = 0) = 100 and the Exercise price is E = 100, with a risk free interest rate of r = 0.04 and a volatility of σ = 0.5. (b) Now repeat part (a) above but assume that the volatility is σ = 0.05. Does the change in the volatility σ influence the convergence of the Monte Carlo Method? (c) Now repeat part (a) but instead of taking one big step from t = 0 to t = T divide the interval into nSteps discrete time steps by using the programme given in ‘MC Call Small Steps.m’. Confirm that for path independent options, the value of nP aths determines the rate of convergence and that the value of nSteps can be set to 1. (d) Now let us consider path dependent options. The programme given in ‘MC Call Small Steps.m’ is the obvious starting point here. We assume that the current time is t = 0 and the expiry date of the option is t = T = 0.5. The current value of the underlying asset is S(t = 0) = 100 and the risk free interest rate is r = 0.05 and the volatility is σ = 0.3. (i) Use the Monte Carlo Method to estimate the value of an Arithematic Average Asian Strike Call option with Payoff given by max(S(T) − S, ¯ 0). (ii) Use the Monte Carlo Method to estimate the value of an Up and Out Call option with Exercise Price E = 100 and a barrier X = 150. (iii) Comment on the the rate of convergence for part (i) and (ii) above with respect to the parameters nP aths and nP aths使用matlab编程

2023-06-11 上传