Wolfgang Eberle的无线收发器系统设计详解

需积分: 34 181 浏览量更新于2024-07-18 1 收藏 5.85MB PDF 举报

《无线收发系统设计》是一本由Wolfgang Eberle撰写的专业书籍，他在Katholieke Universiteit Leuven和Interuniversity Microelectronics Center (IMEC)位于比利时Leuven的研究机构背景支持下完成。这本书深入探讨了射频收发器的工作原理和系统设计，对于从事无线通信技术、射频开发的工程师和研究人员具有很高的实用价值。该书详细阐述了无线Transceiver Systems Design的关键知识点，包括但不限于： 1. **射频基础知识**：书中首先介绍了射频技术的基础概念，如频率范围、信号传输、调制与解调等，帮助读者理解无线通信的核心原理。 2. **收发器架构**：讨论了无线收发器的不同架构，如单工、双工和全双工模式，以及它们在实际应用中的选择和优化策略。 3. **调制与编码**：讲解了各种调制技术（如幅度调制、频率调制、相位调制等）以及数字编码（如FSK、PSK、QAM等）在无线传输中的重要性，并分析了它们对信号质量的影响。 4. **信号处理与滤波**：介绍如何通过滤波器、混频器和解调器等部件实现信号的接收、放大和解码，以及噪声抑制和干扰管理的方法。 5. **功率管理与效率**：针对无线系统的能源效率，书中会涉及功控、电源管理策略和节能技术，这对于电池供电设备尤其关键。 6. **抗干扰与信号检测**：研究了如何设计有效的抗干扰机制，如MIMO技术、交织编码和分集接收，以及信道估计和信号检测算法。 7. **无线标准与协议**：涵盖了主流无线通信标准，如Wi-Fi、蓝牙、蜂窝网络等，讨论了它们的特点、应用场景和互操作性问题。 8. **设计案例与实践应用**：书中提供了丰富的实例和实践项目，展示了如何将理论知识应用于实际系统设计，包括硬件选型、软件实现和系统集成。 9. **前沿技术和挑战**：讨论了无线通信领域的最新发展趋势，如毫米波通信、大规模MIMO、物联网和5G技术等，以及面临的挑战和解决方案。最后，该书的前言部分回顾了过去30年无线通信技术的发展历程，强调了当前研究的重要性和未来的可能性，以及本书对行业发展的贡献。《无线收发系统设计》作为一本权威的参考文献，不仅适合专业工程师深入学习，也对希望扩展无线通信技术知识的研究生和研究人员极具参考价值。无论是理论研究还是实际项目开发，都能从中获取宝贵的知识和实践经验。

1.1 Context

Wireless communications today has become a mature field, yet it still faces

tremendous growth rates and continuously enters new markets. A mix of new

service ideas together with technology awareness and exploitation of the cost

benefits in an economy of scale seems to have created a perpetuum mobile.

Widespread usage appeared when the introduction of 2G mobile telephony pushed

mobile phone usage from 10 million subscribers in 1990 to an estimated 700

million in 2001 and an expected 2 billion in 2007 [Rappaport02]. Originally, the

breakthrough of 3G deployment was expected for 2004, which, after about

10 years of development, will enable the transition from voice to data traffic and

from data rates of 9.6 kbps for 2G to 384 kbps for high mobility and 2 Mbps for

reduced mobility [Ojanpera98]. However, a combination of technical challenges

and difficulties in clearly positioning this technology in the marketplace has not

yet led to widespread deployment by now. These mobile standards establish a

cellular layer in the range-data rate plane (Fig. 1.2), exhibiting a clear trend

toward higher data rates.

802

.11a,

Hiper

LAN-2

ZigBee

Bluetooth

wired access

Cell radius, in km

Maximum data rate, in Mbps

0.01

0.1

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000

802

.11b

UWB

Complexity, power consumption

HSDPA

GSM

GPRS

EDGE

W-CDMA

802

.11n

distribution and broadcasting

802

.11

Distribution

layer

Cellular

layer

Hot-spot layer

(WLAN)

Personal aura

layer (WPAN)

Fig. 1.2. With higher data rates and flexibility at moderate power consumption, wireless

LAN has been establishing a separate layer that fills the gap between short-range personal

area networks and classical cellular solutions. Shaded areas denote our involvement around

802.11a/b/n

A similar evolution toward higher data rates has taken place in the field of

distribution and broadcasting, e.g., through a family of digital video broadcasting

standards [DVB-T, DVB-H] for suburban and rural coverage, and stationary

wireless access schemes for urban coverage [Honcharenko97, Eklund02]. For

1 Introduction

shorter distances up to 100–150 m, WLANs appeared. WLANs emerge as a hot-spot

layer to fill the gap for higher data rates and high network density in indoor and

campus environments, which could otherwise overload cellular infrastructure. For

even shorter distances, notably inside the same room or in the aura of persons, a

family of WPANs came up [Gutierrez01] and ultra-wideband (UWB) solutions were

proposed. Recently, WiMAX [IEEE802.16] and mobile WiMAX [IEEE802.16e]

have been developed to extend area coverage and higher mobility, respectively.

Next to the development of solutions for specific applications such as short-range

broadband, we notice a general trend – summarized in the terms “beyond 3G” or

“4G” – that aims at higher efficiencies, getting closer to the capacity/power bound.

In general, we can observe that both an increase in range/mobility and in data rate

lead to higher system complexity and hence power consumption; portable devices

avoid the empty spot at the upper-right corner of the design space where the gain

in system capacity density becomes prohibitively low and/or power consumption

exceeds operation specifications of portable devices.

Our research has primarily focused on wireless LANs for indoor and campus

operation. They originally emerged from the DECT standard, which from 1992 on

was mainly used for cordless telephone applications [DuttaRoy99]. Later on, ETSI

and IEEE standardization bodies started separate initiatives for wireless LAN

standards: the HiperLAN and IEEE 802.11 families,

respectively. Early versions

suffered from higher costs and lower data rates compared to their wired Ethernet

LAN counterparts and could only move into markets where mobility or convenient

ad hoc installation was a key; with the no-new-wires paradigm, the medical care,

campus networks, conferences, and warehouse logistics could be entered [Rose01].

A breakthrough was only possible through placement in a consumer market. The

idea of networks for home was born but has put an even higher pressure on

manufacturers to design low-cost and easy-to-use WLAN products within a suffici-

ently short time to market [DuttaRoy99, Rose01]. Today, everyone can buy WLAN

terminal and access points in supermarkets; more and more hot-spot locations

appear where people can enjoy wireless LAN access while sitting in a café or

walking in a shopping mall. Companies change their infrastructure and WLAN is on

the verge to become a standard component of cell phones like Bluetooth became for

short-range communication.

While sales grow, chipset prices are dropping from

$20 in 2002 over $8 in 2003 to about $4 in 2004 and expected $2 in 2006

[Wheeler03, Merritt03].

So, what is next? Parallel evolution paths have established a multilayer structure

(Fig. 1.3). Next-generation 4G communication systems will benefit from vertical

handover between these layers [Mohr00], selecting the most appropriate end-to-

end route through the available networks to provide the user with desired quality

For a more detailed view, we refer to Chap. 3.

Intel: “a cheap way of connecting,” Boingo Wireless: “a standard component of cell

phones,” and Qualcomm: “we are on standby when requests come from carriers.”

of experience (QoE).

Due to the enormous difference in requirements across

the range-data rate plane, the appearance of a single, flexible standard is very

unlikely. Instead, future terminals will have to flexibly cope with multiple

transmission techniques as diverse as single carrier and multiple carrier, single

antenna and multiple antenna, CDMA or TDMA.

This integration of multiple modes and standards into a portable device represents

a major increase in design complexity. For 2G and 3G systems, a 10-year cycle

between research and successful market appearance seems appropriate [Raivio01].

Still, the introduction of 3G faced such a large amount of, also technical, problems

that the original term “beyond 3G” [Steele00] has been deliberately replaced by

the less biased 4G or even 5G [Raivio01]. It appears beneficial to learn from the

difficulties that the introduction of 3G mobile faced and compare them to the

important points for the success of wireless LAN:

• Achieving substantially higher rates than the previous generation and

sufficiently high for relevant applications and services is crucial.

• Providing a sufficiently open communication system relying on a layered

approach such as IP is beneficial to meet time-to-market constraints and

foster development of services.

• Delivering low-cost devices on-time, preferably from multiple manufac-

turers, is a key concern.

• Exploiting shared unlicensed frequency spectrum which avoided the high

financial cost and risk that have been introduced by governments when

auctioning spectrum for 3G operation.

We can conclude that the current wireless communications scene offers a

tremendous potential for growth in consumer markets; the required increase in

data rates and the move toward more flexible multistandard devices, however,

results in a severe performance/cost dilemma. Moreover, the current explosion in

standardization activity and the needs for multistandard devices push for a

fundamental increase in exploration and design efficiency to meet time-to-market

constraints. Essentially, the gap between abstract service and communication

concept definitions and their concrete implementation in products has never been

as wide as today.

1.2 Motivation and Objectives

In fact, Sect. 1.1 sketched the wireless evolution over the last 15 years until 2005.

Obviously, the initial motivation for this research work must be found at its

beginning. Hence, back to the concrete situation in 1997.

The term QoE is defined in Chap. 3; it could be roughly described as quality of service

(QoS) perceived by the user.

1.2 Motivation and Objectives

1 Introduction

As early as 1996, Harris Semiconductor

had introduced its first PRISM chipset

for spread-spectrum-based wireless LAN at 1–2 Mbps which turned the company

later into the leading provider of 802.11b chipsets [Harris96]. The InfoPad

multimedia terminal at UC Berkeley had a similar focus with a 1–2 Mbps peak

data rate for the downlink but a low 64–128 kbps asymmetric uplink only

[Truman98]. However, 1–2 Mbps neither could compete with the wired 100-Mbps

Ethernet solution nor could these data rates support true multimedia or compete in

the business and office market. There was only very little preliminary work

existing on the combination of OFDM in a WLAN context [McDermott97]. Their

focus on discrete board-level design, initially 40-GHz carrier frequencies and

picocells, using only 16 subcarriers and a spectrally inefficient DQPSK modu-

lation left considerable room for our research.

This situation represented a common starting point for two study paths at IMEC:

one was to explore theoretically algorithms and techniques for a further increase in

data rate [Vandenameele00, Thoen02a] and the other was to look for solutions

to close the design gap between theory and practice. We adhere to the second

approach. We jointly assumed, for overall infrastructure cost reduction, a

microcellular approach for indoor and campus environments relying on moderate

RF frequencies in the 2–6 GHz range, and the need for a significant increase in

data rates into the 100-Mbps range.

Not uncommon to new trends and markets, skepticism was present in 1997 on

whether wireless LANs with high-data rates could be designed for sufficiently

low cost and power consumption. The recent spread-spectrum-based 1–2 Mbps

products and the 11-Mbps 802.11b proposal being in an early standardization

phase in these days, turned down chances for a high-rate proposal based on a

fairly unknown technology such as OFDM. Over time, with prior advancement in

the design, three of these fundamental roadblocks appeared at the application side:

1. The wireless world in 1997 was – to a large part – focused on single-

carrier transmission schemes. Industry was yet to be fully convinced that

digital solutions could really enhance and replace significant parts of

their analog transceiver designs. Despite promising forecasts for OFDM

[Bingham90], many feared the complexity of large-size FFTs such as

in the upcoming DAB or DVB-T work [Bidet95]; another challenge to

overcome was the need for novel solutions for practical problems such as

channel estimation, signal acquisition, and synchronization [Meyr98].

Proof was needed that an efficient digital solution would be feasible in

the wireless LAN context.

2. Once digital complexity was mastered, skepticism focused on the

analog/RF front-end part of the wireless LAN. The need for high-

performance front-ends to cope with OFDM would unavoidably lead to

Harris Semiconductor was spun off as Intersil Corp. in August 1999 and divested its

WLAN business to GlobespanVirata in August 2003.

high-cost and high-power consumption [Martone00]. At that time,

evidence was yet to bring that digital compensation techniques had the

capability of relaxing front-end specifications and increasing the perfor-

mance at negligible additional cost.

3. While these first two steps may have improved performance, a link

analysis revealed that the transmitter, more notably the power amplifier,

represented a major power consumption bottleneck [Raab02]. This is

partly due to the fact that transmitters have been traditionally designed

for worst-case conditions and basic class-A power amplifier topologies

are the rule. We strive for solutions to reduce the average power consump-

tion following three approaches: scenario analysis, power control

[Ebert99], and DSP-controlled power amplifier usage [Asbeck01].

Inherent in all three suggestions, we find the need for crossdisciplinary design:

at the algorithm–architecture, analog–digital, and crosslayer system–component

level. Unfortunately, joint treatment of multiple domains imposes a significant

increase of design complexity to the designer. This can only be resolved in a

structured way through methodology and, eventually, design technology and

computer-aided design (CAD) tool support. In particular, two challenges can be

identified that, together with the previous three, establish a total of five challenges

that we will address:

4. Design technology for architectural design and design refinement at the

physical layer,

be it algorithm–architecture or analog–digital, is

required for the DSP core and the suggested digital compensation

techniques are needed both at transmit and receive side. While

appropriate solutions have become available, e.g., for HW/SW codesign

[Bolsens97], the mixed-signal threshold has not been sufficiently reduced

despite some positive signs as early as 1994 [Halim94]: both the SRC

and MEDEA consortia keep mixed-signal design listed as a significant

research gap [SRC00, MEDEA02, MEDEA05].

5. Multimode capability and the move toward multistandard solutions

increase the need for application and design space exploration. Already

for WLAN, it could be shown that some modes in the standard are

redundant [Doufexi02], while inflexibility at other places diminishes

performance [Asbeck01]. Again, methodologies were lacking that enable

a system-wide, mixed-signal exploration to establish a balanced,

performing and cost-efficient, flexible design [SRC00, MEDEA02,

MEDEA05].

It becomes obvious why, given this amount of unanswered questions already for

plain OFDM, we decided to center our work at applying OFDM for WLAN. Exten-

The physical layer of the OSI networking layer scheme is meant here, not physical

design.

1.2 Motivation and Objectives

剩余295页未读，继续阅读

MachineKat

粉丝: 2
资源: 15

Wolfgang Eberle的无线收发器系统设计详解

Wireless Transceiver Design.pdf

无线收发机设计精通现代无线设备与系统设计＝WIRELESS TRANSCEIVER DESIGN MASTE.rar

【Fundamentals】Design of Wireless Communication Systems in MATLAB: Understanding Wireless Channel ...

Spring Boot Starter-kit：含多种技术应用，如数据库、认证机制，有应用结构.zip

包含 Spring Boot 等系列技术参考指南中文版及相关资源的仓库.zip

Unity3d 3D模型描边代码 懒人直接上代码

java毕业设计-基于SSM的超市管理系统【代码+部署教程】

MATLAB实现工业PCB电路板缺陷识别和检测【图像处理实战】 - 副本 (2).zip

Jupyter_你是否曾经幻想过与自己的虚拟人交互现在使用PaddleAvatar您可以将自己的图像音频和视频转化为一.zip

1991-2021年中国科技统计年鉴-最新数据发布.zip

最新资源

Unity3d 3D模型描边代码懒人直接上代码