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首页Visual Basic .NET入门指南:.NET框架下的视觉蓝图
"《Hungry Minds - Visual Basic.NET Visual Blueprint (VBL)》是一本详细介绍如何在.NET框架上构建灵活程序的指南。该书分为多个章节,包括从入门到高级的主题,如安装和配置Visual Studio .NET开发环境,理解面向对象的概念,以及逐步探索语言基础、新特性与升级过程。读者可以学习如何创建Windows Forms应用程序,操作各种控件,如按钮、标签和图像列表,实现文本输入、日期选择等交互功能。 本书特别关注编程技巧,介绍了如何编写控制方法,处理变量、数据类型、运算符,以及使用条件语句(If、Select Case)和循环结构(For、Do)。此外,还涵盖了数组的使用,提供输入输出操作,如文件I/O、网络通信、图形和多媒体处理,以及数据库访问,如ADO.NET。作者Richard Bowman通过实例演示了如何创建组件、使用Web服务和开发组件,包括自定义用户界面和组件设计。 书中还涵盖了调试、错误处理、安装管理和调试技术,以及如何利用CD-ROM中的工具,如UltraWebTree demo和IP*Works.NET试用版。附录提供了电子版本书籍的使用说明以及版权和许可信息。 《Visual Basic.NET Visual Blueprint》旨在帮助读者成为精通.NET框架的开发者,无论是初学者还是经验丰富的程序员,都能从中找到适合自己的内容,提升编程技能,创建出功能强大的.NET应用程序。"
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xiv
HOW TO USE THIS BOOK
Visual Basic .NET: Your visual blueprint for building
versatile programs on the .NET Framework uses simple,
straightforward examples to teach you how to create
powerful and dynamic programs.
To get the most out of this book, you should read each
chapter in order, from beginning to end. Each chapter
introduces new ideas and builds on the knowledge
learned in previous chapters. When you become familiar
with Visual Basic .NET: Your visual blueprint for building
versatile programs on the .NET Framework, you can use
this book as an informative desktop reference.
Who This Book Is For
If you are interested in writing applications for Windows
computers and the Internet using the Visual Basic .NET
programming environment, Visual Basuc .NET: Your visual
blueprint for building versatile programs on the .NET
Framework is the book for you.
This book takes you through the process of installing and
using the Development Studio, writing advanced
Windows Applications, and developing Web applications.
The book also provides detailed coverage to develop
reusable components and package your application or
component.
Although this book requires no prior experience with
Visual Basic programming, a familiarity with the Microsoft
Windows operating system installed on your computer,
and programming languages in general is recommended.
What You Need to Use This Book
To perform the tasks in this book, you need a computer
with Microsoft Windows NT 4.0, 2000, or XP installed, as
well as Microsoft Visual Studio .NET. You do not require
any special development tools, because all the tools are
part of the Visual Studio .NET Development Environment.
The Conventions in This Book
A number of typographic and layout styles have been used
throughout Visual Basic .NET: Your visual blueprint for
building versatile programs on the .NET Framework to
distinguish different types of information.
Courier Font
Indicates the use of Visual Basic for Applications (VBA)
code such as tags or attributes, scripting language code
such as statements, operators, or functions, and Excel
Object Model code such as objects, methods, or
properties.
Bold
Indicates information that you must type.
Italics
Indicates a new term.
An Apply It section usually contains a segment of code
that takes the lesson you just learned one step further.
Apply It sections offer inside information and pointers that
you can use to enhance the functionality of your code.
An Extra section provides additional information about the
task you just accomplished. Extra sections often contain
interesting tips and useful tricks to make working with
Excel macros easier and more efficient.
013649-4 FM.F 12/3/01 9:08 AM Page xiv
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xv
The Organization of this Book
Visual Basic .NET: Your visual blueprint for building versatile
programs on the .NET Framework contains 13 chapters and
one appendix.
The first chapter, “Getting Started with Visual Basic .NET,”
familiarizes you to the features and functions you use
throughout the book. You learn how to install Visual
Studio .NET, how to create a new project, how to save and
open project files, and how to upgrade Visual Basic 6.0
projects.
Chapter 2, “Getting Started with Windows Forms,” shows
you how to build and manage the development of a
Windows application. This chapter focuses on how to work
in the Visual Development environment and how to build
menus and various windows.
Chapter 3, “Work with Controls,” shows you how to build
various types of controls, such as buttons, radio buttons,
check boxes, list boxes, and toolbars onto your Windows
forms applications.
The fourth chapter, “Programming in Visual Basic .NET,”
shows you how to work with the Visual Basic language to
declare and use variables, strings, arrays, collections, use
operators, arguments, conditional blocks, and loops.
Chapter 5, “Provide Input and Output,” shows you how to
read and write from files, detect changes in the file system,
and retreive file and directory listings. This chapter also
covers how to add printing and print preview support, and
how to download information from a network or the
Internet. You also learn how to building your own server.
Chapter 6, “Create Graphics and Multimedia,” shows you
how to add graphics commands to your application. This
chapter shows you how to draw lines, shapes, and text, in
various fills and patterns. This chapter shows you how to
build a custom shape and apply it to the form to make a
custom-shaped form of any dimension or shape.
Chapters 7, “Work with Classes,” and 8, “Using Advanced
OPP Techniques” illustrate how to build and use classes
effectively. This includes how to develop a set of
properties, methods, and events in your classes. It also
continues to explore more advanced techniques for class
development, including inheritance, overloading, and
using threads.
The ninth chapter, “Access ADO .NET,” introduces you to
the ADO .NET database-programming tools, and shows
you how to build data-bound controls, how to use data
grids, and how to develop data validation
Chapter 10, “Using Web Forms,” illustrates the
development of Web forms server applications. The
chapter shows you how to use the Web interface designer,
and how to work with controls and the event model to
build applications that run in any standard Web browser.
Chapter 11, “Using Web Services,” shows you how to build
service applications, export functionality from Web
services over the Internet, and how to monitor services.
Chapter 12, “Developing Components,” shows you how to
build your own components, controls, Web controls, and
user controls.
Chapter 13, “Package Your Application,” illustrates how to
package your application to distribute, how to catch and
handle errors, and how to provide features for disabled
users.
What’s on the CD-ROM
The CD-ROM included in this book contains the sample
project code from each of the two-page lessons
throughout the book. This saves you from having to type
the code and helps you quickly get started creating VB
.NET code. The CD-ROM also contains several evaluation
versions of programs that you can use to work with Visual
Basic .NET: Your visual blueprint for building versatile
programs on the .NET Framework. An e-version of the book
and all the URLs mentioned in the book are also available
on the disc.
VISUAL BASIC .NET:
Your visual blueprint for building
versatile programs on the .NET Framework
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V
isual Basic .NET is part of Microsoft Visual Studio .NET,
the latest development environment from Microsoft.
With Visual Basic .NET, or VB .NET for short, you can
create powerful Windows and Internet applications using
a unified toolkit. See the section “Understanding the
Framework” for more information on the .NET Framework.
With the release of VB .NET, Visual Basic received advanced
language features on par with languages like C++, C#, and
Java. Powerful new features give VB .NET the simplicity of its
predecessors, but with the power of creating full-fledged
applications that take advantage of the computing field’s
latest innovations.
AN INTRODUCTION TO VISUAL BASIC .NET
VISUAL BASIC .NET
Easy to Use
The Visual Basic language implements an updated
version of the original BASIC language, developed in
1964. The focus of the BASIC language was to provide a
high-level programming language that hid much of a
computer’s complexity from the developer.
Automatic Memory Management
Visual Basic .NET uses a system called garbage
collection to manage your application’s memory.
Garbage collection is an important feature that VB .NET
shares with languages like C# and Java. Garbage
collection does not explicitly require you to delete
objects from memory. VB .NET finds objects that are no
longer referenced and removes them from memory
automatically when your application is idle.
Fully Object-Oriented
Visual Basic .NET, unlike Visual Basic 6.0 and earlier
versions, supports full object-oriented programming,
with support for polymorphism, true inheritance, and
interfaces. Full object-oriented programming enables
VB .NET to communicate and extend other high-level
languages such as Visual C++ and C#. In fact, because
of the power of the .NET Framework, Visual Basic .NET
can utilize source files from another language, inheriting
a class created in C# or providing true objects for use in
C++. For more information on using objects, see
Chapter 7.
Powerful Database Support
VB .NET extends the strong support for which the Visual
Basic language is known when developing high-level,
multi-tier database applications. Supporting a new
version of ADO and ADO.NET, VB .NET can create
powerful Web-enabled database applications with better
performance and more functions than ever before.
Visual Development
The advent of the Graphical User Interface (GUI)
promised easier-to-use computers. But developing
applications for the GUI environment was more
difficult than expected. Visual Basic was the first
Windows programming language that successfully
used drag and drop and a powerful integrated
development environment (IDE) to enable users to
develop applications in record time.
Today, the Visual Studio.NET suite shares one IDE
that performs an enormous array of functions. The IDE
design allows it to expand to support various languages
and toolkits. The integration of languages also means
you do not have to learn multiple development
environments if you work with more than one language.
True Web Development
Visual Basic .NET uses the new ASP.NET objects to
create fully compiled server-side applications that use
the full power of the Visual Basic language and the
.NET Framework while still interfacing with standard
browsers. ASP.NET, combined with Visual Basic .NET,
provides a unique development system called Web
Forms that brings the drag-and-drop ease of Visual
Basic to Web development.
Web Services, possibly one of the most important
features of the .NET Framework, provides a method
of accessing remote objects over the Internet using
the SOAP standard, which relies on XML. You can store
an object on a Web server and enable any application
to access this object directly over the Internet
transparently. For example, you can create a Windows
application that uses an object stored on a centralized
Web server the same as you use a component on the
local machine. Visual Basic .NET takes full advantage of
this functionality and creates Web-enabled objects.
FEATURES
2
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GETTING STARTED WITH VISUAL BASIC .NET
1
3
Native Windows Applications
You can use the Windows Forms technology present in
VB .NET to develop applications that take full advantage
of the Windows operating systems. A powerful form
designer lets you click, drag, and drop your way to a
complete Windows interface. See Chapter 2 to develop
Windows applications.
Games and Multimedia Applications
Visual Basic .NET accesses the same class library as other
languages in Visual Studio.NET, providing VB .NET access
to powerful GDI+ and DirectX functions. The .NET
Framework Library wraps a complete class library
around all Windows drawing functions, enabling you to
use graphic commands just like other components in the
Visual Basic .NET system without calling complex system
calls. See Chapter 5 for information on graphics
commands.
Database Applications
Data access has been a strong point of the Visual Basic
language since its inception, and Visual Basic .NET
carries the tradition by providing the most sophisticated
data access tools to date. You can drag and drop tables
onto your forms and point-and-click to create
automatically connected controls. With Microsoft’s
Active Data Objects library (ADO.NET), you can access
a variety of database systems through one powerful
environment. You can use standard classes in ADO.NET
to easily transport your application from Microsoft
Access to Microsoft SQL Server to Oracle servers with
little-to-no change in code. See Chapter 9 to develop
database applications.
Create Windows Services
Visual Basic .NET can create true Windows services,
the software that maintains background tasks on a
Windows NT, Windows 2000, or Windows XP system.
Windows includes a number of services that let the
system index files on disks for faster searching, run
Internet servers, and pass messages from application to
application. Services enable you to easily create servers
and utilities that integrate with Windows to provide
transparent background functions. VB .NET is the first
version of Visual Basic to support the creation of service
applications. See Chapter 11 to develop your own
Windows services.
Create Web Applications
New Web Forms technology in VB .NET lets you create
interactive applications that run over the Web. These
applications run completely on the server using
Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS). You can
create applications that function with any browser
and allow Web Forms to maintain variables and state
information across pages automatically, creating a
seamless application development process for you.
See Chapter 10 to develop Web applications.
Create Web Services
Web Services use the power of .NET technologies
to export functions across the Internet in a secure
manner. Any .NET enabled application, whether a Web
Forms application or a Windows Forms application, can
access the Web Service as if it is present on the same
machine. See Chapter 11 to develop your own Web
service.
DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT
Console Applications
New to Visual Basic .NET, you can create console
applications that run in standard text consoles. These
console applications let you create utilities that a user
can access from the command line and create quick
programs to test programming functions. See Chapter 4
for more information on creating console applications.
3649-4 Ch01.F 12/3/01 9:08 AM Page 3
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⁄ Insert Visual Studio Disk 1
into your CD-ROM drive.
¤ Click Step 2 to begin
installing Visual Studio. NET.
■ You can update system
components, by clicking Step
1 and follow the directions.
■ You can click Step 3 to
check for the latest Service
Releases.
‹ Click I accept the license
agreement (
„
change to
´
).
› Type a product key.
ˇ Click Continue.
T
he first step in using VB .NET involves installing the
Development Studio and compilers. The Visual Studio
.NET application suite includes Visual C++, Visual C#,
Visual Basic .NET, an enormous help library courtesy of the
Microsoft Developers Network (MSDN), and various tools.
A full installation of Visual Studio .NET recommends 500MB
of space on a system drive and 2.5GB of space on an
application drive. Visual Studio .NET does not support
Windows 95, Windows 98, or Windows ME operating
systems. If you plan to use the Web development tools, you
can install Visual Studio on Windows 2000 Server, although
Visual Studio .NET can work with remote Windows 2000
servers. Visual Studio .NET requires a minimum of 96MB of
RAM to install on Windows 2000 Professional and
recommends 128MB. For Windows 2000 Server, Visual
Studio .NET requires 192MB of RAM and recommends
256MB.
When you install Visual Studio .NET, you may need to
update a number of Windows components. The Visual
Studio .NET installation prompts you to insert the Windows
Component Update CD-ROM included in the package, and
it updates your system with Windows Service Packs and
other components. The installation automatically reboots
during this installation. The installation then asks you to
optionally enter log in information so it can log in
automatically and continue the installation.
The Visual Studio installation itself spans multiple
CD-ROMs or a single DVD, but automates most of the
installation process. It enables you to select different drives
for different components of the installation, which helps to
lessen the extreme disk space requirements. By default, the
installation installs all three programming languages and
runs the help from the CD-ROM. The MSDN help libraries
are a very important resource, so if you have enough disk
space, you can set the MSDN help selection to install to
disk to make it more readily accessible.
INSTALL VISUAL STUDIO .NET
VISUAL BASIC .NET
4
INSTALL VISUAL STUDIO
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