"Linux操作系统课程指导：Ch7中断和中断处理程序"

In the Linux operating system, the OS kernel plays a crucial role in managing the hardware components connected to the machine, including hard disks, keyboards, mice, and wireless radios. One challenge that arises is that the CPU is significantly faster than these devices, creating a need for efficient communication methods. One method used is polling, where the CPU periodically checks the hardware for any updates or requests. However, a more efficient approach is through interrupts, where the hardware signals the kernel to take action when needed. This allows the CPU to focus on other tasks until it is required to handle a specific hardware event. Another important concept in managing interrupts is the use of interrupt handlers. These are functions within the kernel that are responsible for responding to and managing interrupts from different hardware devices. By properly implementing and organizing interrupt handlers, the kernel can effectively manage multiple hardware components and ensure smooth operation of the system. Furthermore, the concept of top halves and bottom halves is introduced to efficiently handle interrupts. The top half, also known as the interrupt service routine, is responsible for quickly acknowledging and processing the interrupt. The bottom half, on the other hand, is responsible for handling more time-consuming tasks related to the interrupt, such as scheduling further actions or processing data. Overall, understanding interrupts and interrupt handlers is crucial for effectively managing hardware components in the Linux operating system. By utilizing efficient communication methods and properly organizing interrupt handling mechanisms, the OS kernel can ensure the smooth and reliable operation of the machine while efficiently managing hardware resources.