Python 3.0：算法与数据结构解题指南

Python，

Algorithms

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Problem Solving with Algorithms and Data Structures, Release 3.0

Method Name Use Explanation

append a_list.append(item) Adds a new item to the end of a list

insert a_list.insert(i,item) Inserts an item at the 𝑖

position in a list

pop a_list.pop() Removes and returns the last item in a list

pop a_list.pop(i) Removes and returns the 𝑖

item in a list

sort a_list.sort() Modiﬁes a list to be sorted

reverse a_list.reverse() Modiﬁes a list to be in reverse order

del del a_list[i] Deletes the item in the 𝑖

position

index a_list.index(item) Returns the index of the ﬁrst occurrence of item

count a_list.count(item) Returns the number of occurrences of item

remove a_list.remove(item) Removes the ﬁrst occurrence of item

Table 1.3: Methods Provided by Lists in Python

following session:

my_list = [1,2,3,4]

A = [my_list]

print(A)

my_list[2]=45

print(A)

The variable A holds a collection of three references to the original list called my_list. Note

that a change to one element of my_list shows up in all three occurrences in A.

Lists support a number of methods that will be used to build data structures. Table 1.3 provides

a summary. Examples of their use follow.

my_list = [1024, 3, True, 6.5]

my_list.append(False)

print(my_list)

my_list.insert(2,4.5)

print(my_list)

print(my_list.pop())

print(my_list)

print(my_list.pop(1))

print(my_list)

my_list.pop(2)

print(my_list)

my_list.sort()

print(my_list)

my_list.reverse()

print(my_list)

print(my_list.count(6.5))

print(my_list.index(4.5))

my_list.remove(6.5)

print(my_list)

del my_list[0]

print(my_list)

12 Chapter 1. Introduction

Problem Solving with Algorithms and Data Structures, Release 3.0

You can see that some of the methods, such as pop, return a value and also modify the list.

Others, such as reverse, simply modify the list with no return value. pop will default to

the end of the list but can also remove and return a speciﬁc item. The index range starting

from 0 is again used for these methods. You should also notice the familiar “dot” notation

for asking an object to invoke a method. my_list.append(False) can be read as “ask the

object my_list to perform its append method and send it the value False.” Even simple

data objects such as integers can invoke methods in this way.

>>> (54).__add__(21)

>>>

In this fragment we are asking the integer object 54 to execute its add method (called __add__

in Python) and passing it 21 as the value to add. The result is the sum, 75. Of course, we usually

write this as 54 + 21. We will say much more about these methods later in this section.

One common Python function that is often discussed in conjunction with lists is the range

function. range produces a range object that represents a sequence of values. By using the

list function, it is possible to see the value of the range object as a list. This is illustrated

below.

>>> range(10)

range(0, 10)

>>> list(range(10))

[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

>>> range(5,10)

range(5, 10)

>>> list(range(5,10))

[5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

>>> list(range(5,10,2))

[5, 7, 9]

>>> list(range(10,1,-1))

[10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2]

>>>

The range object represents a sequence of integers. By default, it will start with 0. If you

provide more parameters, it will start and end at particular points and can even skip items. In

our ﬁrst example, range(10), the sequence starts with 0 and goes up to but does not include

10. In our second example, range(5, 10) starts at 5 and goes up to but not including 10.

range(5, 10, 2) performs similarly but skips by twos (again, 10 is not included).

Strings are sequential collections of zero or more letters, numbers and other symbols. We call

these letters, numbers and other symbols characters. Literal string values are differentiated

from identiﬁers by using quotation marks (either single or double).

>>> "David"

'David'

>>> my_name = "David"

>>> my_name[3]

1.4. Review of Basic Python 13

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