HTML5快速学习：步步为营

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"HTML5_Step_by_Step 是一本由 Faithe Wempen 编写的教程，旨在帮助读者快速学习如何使用 HTML5 规范创建网页。这本书通过 O'Reilly Media, Inc. 出版，并获得了微软公司的授权。内容涵盖了 HTML5 的基本概念、结构元素、表单控制以及多媒体支持等核心知识点。" HTML5 是下一代超文本标记语言，是互联网内容呈现的核心语言，它的出现极大地改进了网页的结构和交互性。在 "HTML5_Step_by_Step" 这本书中，作者采用逐步学习的方式，引导读者从零基础开始掌握 HTML5 的各项技能。首先，书中会介绍 HTML5 的基础知识，包括语义化标签的使用，如 `<header>`, `<nav>`, `<section>`, `<article>`, `<aside>` 和 `<footer>`，这些标签有助于提高网页的可读性和可访问性。此外，还将讲解如何使用 `<doctype>` 声明开启 HTML5 模式，以及如何处理文档的字符编码。接着，书中的章节将深入到 HTML5 的新特性，如离线存储（`<applicationCache>`），这使得网页可以在离线状态下仍然可以访问部分内容。还有画布（`<canvas>`）元素，它提供了一个基于 JavaScript 的图形绘制环境，用于动态生成图像。另外，Web 存储（`localStorage` 和 `sessionStorage`）也是 HTML5 的一大亮点，它允许网站在用户浏览器中存储大量数据，提高了用户体验。表单控件在 HTML5 中也得到了增强，新增了 `<input>` 类型如 `email`, `url`, `date`, `range` 等，使得数据输入更加符合现代网络的需求。同时，表单验证功能的加入，如 `required` 属性和正则表达式验证，可以提高数据的准确性和安全性。多媒体支持是 HTML5 的另一个重要改进。`<audio>` 和 `<video>` 标签的引入，使得在网页中嵌入音频和视频变得简单直接，无需依赖第三方插件。此外，还会有如何设置源文件（`src`）、控制播放（如 `controls` 属性）和自定义播放行为（JavaScript API）等内容。书中的实践练习和案例分析将帮助读者将理论知识转化为实际操作能力。通过动手实践，读者可以更好地理解如何创建响应式的、适应各种设备的网页，以及如何与 CSS3 和 JavaScript 配合，构建更复杂的功能。 "HTML5_Step_by_Step" 是一本全面而实用的指南，无论你是初学者还是有一定经验的开发者，都能从中受益，提升你的 HTML5 开发技能。

Introduction

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the underlying markup language of the World

Wide Web It’s the common thread that ties together virtually every Web site, from large-

scale corporate sites such as Microsoft’s to single-page classroom projects at the local

grade school

Don’t let the phrase “markup language” intimidate you A markup language annotates

or “marks up” plain text, letting a browser know how to format that text so it looks good

on a Web page It’s easy to get started—in fact, you can create a simple Web page in just

a few minutes While full-featured What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) tools exist

that can help speed up the process of writing Web pages, all you really need is an ordi-

nary text-editing program such as Microsoft Notepad You don’t need special software

or extensive training

In this introduction, you’ll learn some basics about HTML You’ll nd out how they turn

plain text into attractive formatting, how they incorporate graphics and hyperlinks, and

how anyone can create Web content in virtually any program that edits text This intro-

duction explains what cascading style sheets (CSS) are, and how they make formatting

consistent across large Web sites You’ll also discover the differences between HTML4,

XHTML, and HTML5, so you can make the important decision about which version of

HTML you want your code to conform to Finally, you’ll learn about the conventions used

in this book for pointing out special helps like notes, tips, cautions, and references to the

data les

How to Access Your Online Edition Hosted by Safari

The voucher bound in to the back of this book gives you access to an online edition of

the book (You can also download the online edition of the book to your own computer;

see the next section)

To access your online edition, do the following:

1. Locate your voucher inside the back cover, and scratch off the metallic foil to reveal

your access code

2. Go to http://microsoftpress.oreilly.com/safarienabled

3. Enter your 24-character access code in the Coupon Code eld under Step 1:

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xix

What Is HTML?

In simple terms, a Web page (or HTML document) is a plain text le that has been

encoded using Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) so that it appears nicely formatted

in a Web browser Here’s what HTML means, word-by-word:

●● Hypertext Text that you click to jump from document to document This is a refer-

ence to the ability of Web pages to link to one another

●● Markup Tags that apply layout and formatting conventions to plain text Literally,

the plain text is “marked up” with the tags

●● Language A reference to the fact that HTML is considered a programming language

Tip When people think of computer programming, they usually think of writing a compiled

program. A compiled programming language runs the human-readable programming code

through a utility that converts it to an executable le (usually with an .exe or .com extension),

which is then distributed to users. In contrast, HTML is an interpreted programming language.

That means the program is distributed in human-readable format to users, and the program in

which it is opened takes care of running it. The HTML code for Web pages resides in les. Each

time your Web browser opens a Web page, it processes the HTML code within the le.

Understanding HTML Tags

The code within an HTML le consists of text surrounded by tags These tags indicate

where the formatting should be applied, how the layout should appear, what pictures

should be placed in certain locations, and more

For example, suppose you wanted a certain word to be italicized, like this:

Everything is on sale

In HTML, there’s no Italics button to click, like there is in a word-processing program There-

fore, you have to “tag” the word that you want to be italicized The code to turn on italics is

<i>, and the code to turn italics off is </i> Your HTML code would look something like this:

<i>Everything</i> is on sale.

That’s an example of a two-sided tag, which encloses text between opening and closing

tags, in this case <i> and </i> Note the forward slash in the closing tag (</i>) That

slash differentiates an opening tag from a closing tag With a two-sided tag, there is

always a corresponding closing tag for every opening tag

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